From Montego Bay to Nagoya UNCLOS and CDB/ABS Bernard Commère MESR

1. From Montego Bay to NagoyaUNCLOS and CDB/ABSBernard Commère MESR Colloque Croissance bleue Institut Français d’Athènes 25 novembre 2013

2. Marine and environmental research coordination and programmationin France

3. Environmental research : AllEnvi • Research alliance by 12 founders among which : • Ifremer, • CNRS (INEE, INSU) • IRD • MNHN • With 15 associate members • 13 work groups : biodiversity, marine research, climate, infrastructures etc. • http://www.allenvi.fr/ Titre de la présentation - jj mmmm aaaa 3

4. French vessels in Mediterranean Titre de la présentation - jj mmmm aaaa 4

5. Eurofleets – 24 members, among which Titre de la présentation - jj mmmm aaaa 5

6. Euroargo – Argo floats in Mediterranean sea Titre de la présentation - jj mmmm aaaa 6

7. Energy : ANCRE • Research alliance by 4 founders : • CEA, CNRS, IFPEN, CPU • With 15 associate members, among which • Ifremer • BRGM • IRD 10 work groups : 5 sources (biomass, fossile, nuclear, solar, sea and wind), 3 uses, 2 storage and distribution Titre de la présentation - jj mmmm aaaa 7

8. National marine research program • Prepared by AllEnvi • Discussed with • Representatives of • Ministries, • Industry, • Labour organisations • Local collectivities • (summary in english) • http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/Le-programme-mer-etat-des-lieux-et.html Titre de la présentation - jj mmmm aaaa 8

9. National plan for marine mineral resources • R&D : exploration, technology • Main areas of interest and reserved areas • EEZ in Pacific : 1 application (Wallis - sulfurs) • International zone (International Seabed Authority) : • 2 applications : Pacific – nodules, • Atlantic - sulfurs • Partners : Ifremer, CNRS, industrial companies • Deep sea mining and environment protection : • Collective expertise (state of the art, bibliographical) on (publication expected in 2014) Titre de la présentation - jj mmmm aaaa 9

10. From Montego Bay to NagoyaUNCLOS and CDB/ABSBernard Commère MESR Colloque Croissance bleue Institut Français d’Athènes 25 novembre 2013

11. UNCLOS - United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea - Montego Bay - 10 December, 1982 • Part V : exclusive economic zone • Part XIII : marine scientific research • Promote scientific research for peaceful purposes, without interference with other legitimate uses of the sea, • sovereignty and right to regulate of coastal State, • reciprocity, publication and dissemination • compliance with relevant regulations including those for the protection and preservation of the marine environment • Application : territorial seas, economic zones

12. European « economic zone »

13. In the Mediterranean sea • Virtually all areas are in economic zones, i.e. no area is outside a possible claim as EEZ (200 nm). =>Under national jurisdictions • France has declared an ecological protection zone (2004), and transformed in EEZ (october 2012)

14. French regulations • Research code : L 251-1 (law July 1986) Scientific marine research in territorial sea and EEZ submitted to an authorization • Other regulations • Environment code (under revision) • Mining code (under revision) • Fisheries • Archeological protection

15. Application of UNCLOS for marine scientific reseach • Foreign states and international bodies : « diplomatic pathway » (Embassies – Ministry of foreign affairs) • International bodies with french membership : implicit, if no observations after 4 months • French applications • Public bodies : implicit authorisation (annual program)

16. Foreign application for marine scientific research in French waters • 30 to 40 requests every year an • Year 2012 • 20 from european countries 5 in Mediterranean Sea, others in Channel and Atlantic • 17 from other countries Atlantic, Pacific, sub Antarctic

17. Need for new regulation to face new challenges • Development of marine activities • new technologies for observation • new activities (energy, mineral resources, archeological interest) • risk of piracy (wrecks) • private operators

18. New regulation under preparation for marine research • Foreign states and international bodies : « diplomatic pathway » (no change) • International bodies (no change) • French applications : all cases non covered by other regulations (environment, mining, fisheries, archeol...) • public bodies : authorisation of annual program • others : declaration to marine authority (PREMAR) – 2 weeks before start, may use european vessels • transmission of information.

19. Convention on biological diversity (1992) Nagoya Protocol on access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilization (29 October 2010)

20. Law on biodiversity (project) • General principles : authorisation ? • Research: declaration ? Objectives to keep in mind : simplification competitivity

21. Law on biodiversity (project) • Marine Research • transmission of information to Ifremer, AFB (French agency for biodiversity, to be created), SHOM (Hydrographic and oceanographic services), Météo France • « Data falling immediately in public domain » : security of navigation, water movements and physico-chemical properties, seafloor morphology and nature (idem Mining code)

22. Thank you for your attention

23. attractivité autonomie compétitivité excellence innovation Ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche Direction générale de la Recherche et de l’Innovation 1 rue DescartesF-75231 Paris Cedex 05www.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr MESR-DGRI / CREST 4-5 sept.08 Research in France 23