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Hungry for Food Security

Hungry for Food Security. What is Food Security?. …food security entails access, by all people, at all times, to the safe and nutritious food that they need to lead healthy lives…. ACCESS. ALL TIMES. SAFE & NUTRITIOUS. ALL PEOPLE. Categorizing Food Insecurity.

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Hungry for Food Security

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  1. Hungry for Food Security

  2. What is Food Security? …food security entails access, by all people, at all times, to the safe and nutritious food that they need to lead healthy lives… ACCESS ALL TIMES SAFE & NUTRITIOUS ALL PEOPLE

  3. Categorizing Food Insecurity ACUTE CHRONIC OCCASIONAL Severe hunger & malnutrition to the point that lives are threatened immediately (as in cases of famine) Ability to meet food needs is consistently under threat (due to either an inability to produce enough food or purchase enough food on a regular basis) When food insecurity occurs due to a specific temporary circumstance- when one would otherwise be food secure

  4. Hunger In Our World • In 2002, 852 million people were undernourished • In Sub-Saharan Africa there are over 200 million people who are food insecure • Every year the number of food insecure people is INCREASING (with the notable exceptions of China and India) • In Sub-Saharan Africa the number of undernourished grows by 1 million a year Source: FAO

  5. Implications for Health & Development • Hunger & malnutrition are the leading cause of death in the developing world • Half of all childhood deaths due to illness can be attributed to being underweight • Direct Costs: Caring for the sick, food interventions etc. • Indirect Costs: Toll of disease and general ill-health on productive capabilities- economic decline

  6. Causes of Food Insecurity In Africa 1. Food Availability Is there enough food? 2. Food Access Who has it? Where is it? Who can afford it? • Factors affecting agricultural production (including natural environmental occurrences and human caused factors) • Factors affecting trade (import of food or export of food for income) • Cultural practices affecting control of food • Issues about what kind of food is available? Does it meet nutritional needs? 3. Food Use Does it meet needs? Is it useable?

  7. Natural Causes Even “natural” factors are exacerbated by human actions…. Drought on its own does not result in acute food insecurity or famine. Naturally occurring environmental factors leading to a decline in food production Drought … a protracted period of deficient precipitation resulting in extensive damage to crops and loss of yield… How frequently do droughts occur? How long does the drought last? Was the drought expected?

  8. Human Economics Can an economy/community/household withstand shocks to food production? • Are there food stores? • Can food be purchased using saved income? • Malawian Example: • Malawi prone to seasonal droughts • Government sells off grain stores in order to meet other financial obligations (debt etc.) enforced by the Global North • Seasonal drought becomes famine • NGO’s like CPAR have to intervene with food aid

  9. Human Wars Wars cause/exacerbate food insecurity by: • Causing damage to land and disrupting trade systems • Displacing people from their land (IDPs & Refugees) • Diverting $ for military expenditures • Ugandan Example: • 19 year civil war • Rebels staging raids on villages & laying mines • 1.4 million forced to relocate to IDP camps • Malnutrition rates in IDP camps 20% and 40% for children under 5 vs. 15% national average

  10. HIV/AIDS 25 million Africans have HIV/AIDS. 2 million die every year. 13 million children have been orphaned. AIDS is devastating to household food security: • Agricultural workers sick and dying = ↓ production • Excess income diverted to care for sick and pay for funeral expenses = ↓ household ability to purchase food • Widows and orphans with no land tenure rights are left particularly vulnerable • As are guardian households with more mouths to feed • Lack of nutrients can shorten incubation period of HIV and causes AIDS to progress more quickly

  11. EnvironmentalDegradation Damage to the natural environment through deforestation, over-cultivation, overgrazing etc. causes: • Soil Erosion • Decline in soil fertility • Depletion of water tables • Decline in rainfall • Destruction of alternative sources of food and income

  12. Poverty, Political Crises, War and HIV&AIDS = Desperation = Increased likelihood of abandoning sustainability in favour of short-term needs = Environmental Degradation

  13. How do you think globalization can affect food security? Group 1 : Food availability Group 2: Food access Group 3: Food use

  14. Solutions? Sustainable Livelihoods Approach: Examining the variety of factors that affect ability to meet food needs including: • Sustainable intensification of agriculture (drought resistant crops, irrigation, tree planting etc) • Diversifying food production (at agricultural and household level) • Income generation (diversifying income sources) • Challenging inequality • Coping with broader issues (peacebuilding, HIV/AIDS interventions etc) • Ability to produce food • Ability to purchase foods • Ability to withstand shocks to food supply • Cultural factors influencing access within household

  15. Tree planting can help revitalize agricultural land by increasing soil fertility, encouraging rainfall and preventing soil erosion…Trees can also provide fuel for cooking and be an important source of nutritious food… Solutions on the ground…

  16. Improved agricultural practices which are environmentally and socially appropriate can help to improve crop yields… Solutions on the ground…

  17. Backyard farming is a great way to diversify household food supply and is ideal for vulnerable households who have limited access to land and other resources… Solutions on the ground…

  18. Through skills training and small scale loans, individuals can diversify their income and protect their households from shocks to food supply… Solutions on the ground…

  19. A food secure world, free from hunger, really is possible!

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