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Chapter 6

Chromosomes and cell reproduction. Chapter 6 . Why does a cell reproduce?. Growth Repair Gamete production. What is the one thing each new cell must contain?. DNA. Why?. Prokaryotes . Reproduce by binary fission asexual produces an exact copy (clone)

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Chapter 6

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  1. Chromosomes and cell reproduction Chapter 6

  2. Why does a cell reproduce? • Growth • Repair • Gamete production

  3. What is the one thing each new cell must contain?

  4. DNA Why?

  5. Prokaryotes Reproduce by binary fission asexual produces an exact copy (clone) have one chromosome that is circular (a ring)

  6. Eukaryotes Multiple, paired chromosomes Rod shaped (kinda) Sexual

  7. Chromosome numbers for different organisms

  8. Things to remember • Each chromosome contains thousands of genes • Humans must have all 46 chromosomes in order to survive • Having extra chromosomes usually results in death. At the very least, development is impaired

  9. Examples of trisomy Down’s Syndrome (#21) Patau’sSyndrome (#13) Edwards Syndrome (#18) Most include physical deformities (cleft palate, small eyes, enlarged tongue, clenched fingers, heart problems, etc.

  10. Mutations These involve missing portions of chromosomes, or chromosomes that have broken fragments rearranged in a new order

  11. Mutation Types Deletion – a chromosome is missing a segment Duplication – a chromosome has a duplicated segment (like a stutter, or repeated portion) Inversion – a chromosome fragment breaks off, and reattaches in reverse order Translocation – a chromosome fragment breaks off, and reattaches to a non-homologous chromosome

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