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Ireland-2 contrasting regions

Ireland-2 contrasting regions. BMW-IRELAND’S PERIPHERAL REGION. BMW-Borders, M idlands and the West pg.296. 13 counties Quarter of I relands population-1,132,090 48% of the land area Low population density(25/30 km) High dependency on the primary sector

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Ireland-2 contrasting regions

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  1. Ireland-2 contrasting regions BMW-IRELAND’S PERIPHERAL REGION

  2. BMW-Borders, Midlands and the West pg.296 • 13 counties • Quarter of Irelands population-1,132,090 • 48% of the land area • Low population density(25/30 km) • High dependency on the primary sector • Underdeveloped transport infrastructure • Low employment in the services-tertiary sector

  3. BMW cont. • Few urban centres-largest is Galway • Unemployment is above the national average • Industrial development is based on multinational companies • Area has good economic potential-little congestion,unspoiltenvironment,areas of natural beauty

  4. Physical processes-climate,relief,soils and drainage. Climate: • Cool temperate oceanic,(maritime) • Mild winters (6 degrees) • Warm summers(15 degrees) • Rainfall through the year(1,500mm) • Southwesterly prevailing winds-relief rain. • The influence of the sea-reducing summer temperatures,increasing winter-(onshore,offshore breezes.)

  5. Climate cont. • North Atlantic Drift(warm ocean current)-keeping coasts ice free. • Frontal depressions-moving from west to east-frontal rain

  6. Relief and drainage • Relief along the coastline is mountainous-metmorphic rock-Bluestack,Nephin beg, Twelve pins,Mweelrea • Lowland areas around Roscommon,part of the drumlin belt(glaciation) boulder clay soils. • Laois, Offaly ,Westmeath-poorly drained boglands ,thin soils. • Main rivers-Shannon,Moy,Clare

  7. Soils • Mostly poor quality and infertile. • Peat, gley and podzols. • Heavy rain means leaching and hardpans. • Soils are shallow due to glacial erosion. • Midlands have some fertile brown earth soils

  8. Primary economic activities-agriculture • Subsistence,unproductive,unprofitable • Lack of mechanisation • Farmers are old and conservative • Farms are small and fragmented • Wet climate,varied relief and poor soils are an obstacle to commercial farming. • Most farmers get EU grants,subsidies-68% of farming incomes • Part-time farmers-forestry,fishing,agri-tourism,industry

  9. Main types of farming practised: • Pastoral-main activity-mountains,2m sheep in Galway,Mayo • Poultry,mushrooms in the border counties • Cattle on boulder clay soils • Arable limited due to poor soils,climate. • Grass the most widely grown crop-feedlivestock

  10. Primary cont.Fishing ,Aquaculture Key source of employment in the B.M.W-directly and indirectly. Advantages: • Rich fishing grounds-North Atlantic. • N.A.D-warm water,variety of fish. • Shallow sea,continental shelf-rich in plankton-micro organism fish feed on. • Indented coastline-sheltered harbours

  11. Fishing cont. • Killybegs(donegal)-chief fishing port in Ireland. • Fishing and related activities worth €50m to the local economy. • Seafood processing sector-1,403 employees • Centre of Irish open ocean fleet-200 miles off coast. • Factory ships-herring,mackeral-1,000 people employed

  12. Aquaculture-fish farming • Salmon,shellfish,mussels,oysters. • Clew Bay,killaryharbour,worth €13m in2001. • 2,000 employed in Galway,Mayo • 60% of B.I.M(Bordiascaighmhara) funding for training in aquaculture,processing and catching is spent in the B.M.W.

  13. Human processes:population • Certain areas suffer from rural deprivation-unemployment,low education skills etc. • Low pop,. Density-less than 20 per km² • Scattered rural population • Braindrain-high outward migration of young people/rural depopulation • Low birth,marriage rates. • High age dependency ratio(pop aged under15 and over 65)

  14. Planning-to reduce the imbalance between the core and periphery. • N.D.P-national development plan • N.S.S-national spatial strategy-gateways and hubs pg.306/356 • Transport 21-increase accessibility-atlantic corridor-Donegal to Waterford,Dublin- Galway inter urban motorway • Decentralisation

  15. G.D.A.-Greater Dublin Area Core region in Ireland

  16. G.D.A

  17. GREATER DUBLIN AREA:GDA pg:307 • Counties Dublin,Kildare,Meath and Wicklow • Route focus /nodal point • Administrative,financial capital • Major service centre • Natural resources • High population density/in-migration • Attractive to industry

  18. Secondary economic activity • Factors influencing industry: Transport-nodal point,route focus-air,rail,port,road,port tunnel,M50 Market/labour force-population of 1.3 million high pop density,youngpop.,high inward migration from Ireland and abroad,educated skilled workforce,cheap labour(foreign migrants)rich affluent market-luxury goods.

  19. Industry: • Variety of traditional and modern industries. • No single industry dominates • Widely dispersed • Due to transport industry has moved away from traditional locations in the inner city/docklands to business parks/industrial estates near the M50 and the airport eg.citywest,santry near airport

  20. Types of industry: • Knowledge based multinational companies-Microsoft,IbmIntel,RankZerox-European capital for IT. • Food processing-Cadburys,Jacobs(closed),Guinness,Tayto • Printing and publishing-independent newspapers at citywest.

  21. Discuss the factors that have influenced the development of a secondary economic activity in an Irish region you have studied.

  22. BUSINESS PARKS AND INDUSTRIAL ESTATES IN DUBLIN

  23. Tertiary activities: • 84% of workforce involved. • Dublin city dominates tertiary activities-primate city.millionairecity,focal /nodal point-1.6m in region creating demand • Transport ,tourism,service sector-finance etc.

  24. Tourism • Dublin region attracts 27% of visitors to Ireland • Tourism earns 1billion for region • 2009 5.5m tourists visited Dublin • Year round business • Dublin main point of entry-90% all visitors land at Dublin airport • 2003 Europes third most popular city break destination

  25. Where do they go? • GDA tourist attractions are many and varied-culture,shopping,night life ,sporting,historical • 8 of the states top ten attractions are in Dublin:Guinnessstorehouse,dublinzoo,book of kells,Dublincastle,National museum • Outside Dublin:Newgrange,Curragh,Nationalstud,Glendalough Wicklow

  26. Tertiary-Transport-pg265 • Dublin is a route focus/nodal point • Gateway to Europe • Dublin has the most efficient transport system in the country • Well developed public transport system

  27. Luas - Welcome to Luas, Dublin's Light Rail Tram System.Dublin Tunnel : HomeM50.ie | M50 Motorway | M50 Toll Charges | M50 InformationDublin - Dublinbikes

  28. Transport-variety of methods • Road:Dublin is a route focus the centre of Ireland’s road network-N4,N6,N7,M1,M50-port tunnel,removal of toll. • Rail:centre of Ireland’s rail network –Heuston,Connolly,Pearsestation.Dart and Luaslines,proposed metro and extending luas(transport 21). • Water:Dublin is Ireland’s largest port-processes 50% of Irish trade • Air:Dublin airport is Ireland’s largest airport.terminal 2 in 2010

  29. Transport 21-alleviate congestion • 1997 city speed was 14km an hour • Port tunnel between M1 and docklands • M50 upgraded in 2007 • Extension of luas and metro lines • Underground luas line • Expanding QBC,cyclepaths,and pedestrian facilities • Some on hold depending on funding

  30. Human processes: • Population in 2006 of G.D.A =1.6m • More females than males. • G.D.A will account for 41% of total population in 2021. • Melting pot,multicultural city-7.2% of Dublin’s pop=foreign nationals. • High in migration from west of Ireland,Europe and the third world. • Last census translated into 13 languages. • Variety of religions-Hindu,Muslim,Jews,Buddists

  31. Chapter 24: The Dynamics of Irish Regions II: The Dublin Region • THE GROWTH OF DUBLIN CITY • Expanded rapidly since the 1950s • Zone of influence is now a large proportion of the Eastern half of the country • Dominant primate city • Founded by the Vikings in the ninth century • Low-lying land at the mouth of Dublin Bay • Bridging point • Centre of trade and administration • Focus of road and rail networks

  32. Chapter 24: The Dynamics of Irish Regions II: The Dublin Region • THE GROWTH OF DUBLIN CITY (continued) • City has expanded due to influx of foreign migrants and rural to urban migration • Wide variety of educational and healthcare services • Excellent communications systems • Modern telecommunication services • 1970s uncontrolled expansion of the city • Planners designed and created newtowns on Dublin’s rural-urbanfringe, e.g. Blanchardstown

  33. Chapter 24: The Dynamics of Irish Regions II: The Dublin Region • THE GROWTH OF DUBLIN CITY (continued) • People continually leaving the city to live within commutable distance as house prices in the city are still up to €100,000 more expensive than in the rest of the country • 2007 a new town to the west developed – Adamstown • People move to Kildare, Meath and Wicklow and commute to the city for work • Massive traffic congestion • Workers live as far away as Carlow(90 km) from the city centre

  34. Chapter 24: The Dynamics of Irish Regions II: The Dublin Region • THE GROWTH OF DUBLIN CITY (continued) • Newly dispersed Dublin City: three new county councils – Dun Laoghaire, Fingal and South Dublin county councils – were created • Dublin Corporation is responsible for issues such as water, sewage and other public services • Irish government – National Spatial Strategy (NSS) to combat the growth of Dublin by establishing gateways, e.g. Galway and hubs, e.g. Kilkenny • Encourage development in the gateway and hub locations in the Dublin region

  35. The growth of an urban area in an Irish region you studied. • Core region points • History • Urban problems • Future

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