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RuleML for the Semantic Web

RuleML for the Semantic Web. Harold Boley. (joint work with Benjamin Grosof, Said Tabet , and Gerd Wagner ). OntoWeb Kick-off Workshop , Heraklion, Greece, 13-15 June 2001 Revised: 17 July 2001. Motivation (I). Rules in (and for) the Web have become a mainstream topic since

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RuleML for the Semantic Web

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  1. RuleML for the Semantic Web Harold Boley (joint work with Benjamin Grosof, Said Tabet, and Gerd Wagner) OntoWeb Kick-off Workshop, Heraklion, Greece, 13-15 June 2001 Revised: 17 July 2001

  2. Motivation (I) • Rules in (and for) the Web have become a mainstream topic since • inference rules were • marked up for E-Commerce • identified as a Design Issue of the Semantic Web • transformation rules were used for document generation from central XML repository • Rule interchange is becoming more important in Knowledge Representation (KR), especially in • Intelligent Agents • AI shells for knowledge-based systems RuleML

  3. Motivation (II) • The Rule Markup Initiative has taken initial steps towards defining a shared Rule Markup Language (RuleML) for interoperation betweenParticipants • RuleML permits forward (bottom-up) and backward (top-down) rules in XML for • deduction • rewriting • further inferential-transformational tasks RuleML

  4. Structure of the RuleML DTD Hierarchy • Our system of DTDs (current version: 0.8) uses a modularization approach similar to XHTML in order to accomodate the various rule subcommunities • The evolving hierarchy of RuleML DTDs forms a partial order with ruleml as the greatest element (a ruleml-rooted DAG) -- many ‘smallest’ elements • Each DTD node in the hierarchy (conformance “lattice”) corresponds to a specific RuleML sublanguage: • ‘Union’ (join) of sublanguages reached via outgoing links: to smaller or equal nodes below • ‘Intersection’ (meet) of sublanguages via incoming links: from greater or equal nodes above RuleML

  5. The Module Hierarchy of RuleML DTDs ruleml ur-equalog Rooted DAG will be extended with branches for further sublanguages equalog ur-hornlog hornlog ur-datalog ur-datalog = join(ur,datalog) datalog ur urc-datalog bin-datalog URL/URI-like ‘ur’-objects urc-bin-datalog urc-bin-data-ground-log urc-bin-data-ground-fact RDF-like triples RuleML

  6. From traditional XML Representation toRDF-like Representation of RuleML Rules • XML: N-ary, positional representation of rules; overspecification for non-sequential parts • RDF: Binary, labeled representation of rules with nodes for resources and labels as explicit role names; Seq container needed for sequential parts • RuleML: • Sequential parts from XML • Labeled parts from RDF RuleML

  7. Challenge hypertext as one XHTML paragraph: <p>If you want to review rule principles, you may look at <a href="http://www.cis.njit.edu/.../rbs.html">Rule Based Systems</a> </p> premise conclusion Recommender Rule: Forward Markups <imp> <_body> <p>You want to review rule principles</p> </_body> <_head> <p>You may look at <a href="http://www.cis.njit.edu/.../rbs.html">Rule Based Systems</a> </p> </_head> </imp> Original RuleML markup with XHTML in body/head (English premise and semiformal conclusion): RuleML

  8. conclusion premise Recommender Rule: Backward Markup Further formalized RuleML markup (still unanalyzed English relation and individual-constant names): <imp> <_head> <atom> <_opr> <rel>may look at</rel> </_opr> <var>you</var> <ind href="http://www.cis.njit.edu/~rju3268/rbs.html">Rule Based Systems</ind> </atom> </_head> <_body> <atom> <_opr> <rel>want to review</rel> </_opr> <var>you</var> <ind>rule principles</ind> </atom> </_body> </imp> RuleML

  9. RDF in RuleML: RDF triples as facts described by a DTD in the RuleML family Example: Next slide RuleML in RDF: RDF graphs and serializations for RuleML rules Exemplified in previous slides Two-Way Relationship Between RuleML and RDF RuleML

  10. RuleMLElementofURC-Bin-Data-Ground-FactDTD:RDF Triple as Very Special Rule RDF triple (predicate, subject, object) as atom predicate(subject, object) or rel(ur, ur|ind) "http://www.w3.org/Home/Lassila has creator Ora Lassila." (Creator, http://www.w3.org/Home/Lassila, Ora Lassila) <fact> <atom> <_opr> <rel>Creator</rel> </_opr> <ind href="http://www.w3.org/Home/Lassila"/> <ind>Ora Lassila</ind> </atom> </fact> RuleML

  11. Conclusions • RuleML DTD 0.8, a system of DTDs, is available at http://www.dfki.de/ruleml/indtd0.8.html; sample files at http://www.dfki.de/ruleml/0.8/exa • Further rule categories (e.g. integrity constraints and reaction rules) will be available via main RuleML page at http://www.dfki.de/ruleml • Distributed KR can already be based on current DTDs -- using (XSLT) transformations to reach follow-up and Participants’ DTDs RuleML

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