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BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 1

BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 1. Overview of Metabolism. Metabolism: sum total of reactions Catabolism: breakdown of polymers and macromolecules Anabolism: synthesis of macromolecules and polymers. Energy homeostasis: Extraction Storage Regulation. PEPTIDE STEROID

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BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 1

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  1. BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 1

  2. Overview of Metabolism Metabolism: sum total of reactions Catabolism: breakdown of polymers and macromolecules Anabolism: synthesis of macromolecules and polymers

  3. Energy homeostasis: Extraction Storage Regulation

  4. PEPTIDE STEROID AMINO ACID DERIVED Hormonal regulation of metabolism Insulin Glucagon Growth Hormone Cortisol Adrenaline Thyroid hormone

  5. I I I I I I I I Synthesised in thyroid gland Requires protein (thyroglobulin) and iodide 75% of thyroid protein is thyroglobulin Gland epithelia have Na/I symporter T3 T4 Thyroid Hormones Increase metabolic rate Glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis & hormone sensitive lipase activity H2O2

  6. CORTISOL Glucocorticoid gluconeogenesis, glycogen synthesis, lipolysis, liver protein and RNA synthesis aldosterone cortisol CHOLESTEROL

  7. Glucocorticoid Receptor

  8. PLASMA TARGET CELL transcortin T3 T4 T3 THR ITBP T4 binding globulin Both cortisol and T3 affect transcription cortisol CR CORTISOL

  9. Carbohydrate metabolism:

  10. Glucose as a fuel Tissue usage: all tissues, brain and RBC are obligate users Dietary forms: mono- and disaccharides, glycogen, starch, cellulose Stored as : glycogen Processed by: glycolysis, CAC, ETC

  11. GLUCOSE FRUCTOSE GALACTOSEMANNOSE GLYCEROL

  12. Strategy of glycolysis Splitting reaction

  13. Energy investment 6 carbon 3 carbon Cost = 2ATP

  14. x2 Energy generation Yield = 4 ATP Net = 2 ATP

  15. Fates of pyruvate pyruvate -O2 +O2 CAC,ETC fermentation

  16. animals lactate

  17. yeast ethanol

  18. COO- COO- C C CH3 CH3 pyruvate lactate LDH O + NADH + H+ H OH + NAD+ reduced oxidised oxidised reduced

  19. THE TAKE HOME MESSAGE Metabolism can be hormonally regulated Glucose is a major fuel Glucose can yield energy via glycolysis The end products of glycolysis can be metabolised either anaerobically or aerobically

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