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CHEMICAL BONDS – Covalent

CHEMICAL BONDS – Covalent. Chapter 6. 6.2 BONDING – journal. Take out your Bonding Basics Worksheet and Homework. On the worksheet, draw a Lewis Dot Structure for each of the elements named for each example. 6.2 BONDING – journal 2. Show all of the steps needed to bond Sodium and Bromine.

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CHEMICAL BONDS – Covalent

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  1. CHEMICAL BONDS – Covalent Chapter 6

  2. 6.2 BONDING – journal • Take out your Bonding Basics Worksheet and Homework. • On the worksheet, draw a Lewis Dot Structure for each of the elements named for each example.

  3. 6.2 BONDING – journal 2 • Show all of the steps needed to bond Sodium and Bromine. • Show all of the steps needed to bond Magnesium and Fluorine. • What is the full definition of an ionic bond? • Why do elements bond? • Answer the question for Figure 10 on page 166 of your book.

  4. 6.2 BONDING • Chemical PROPERTIES depend on the number of valence electrons.

  5. 6.2 BONDING • Therefore, chemical bonding and reactivity depend on an element’s electron configuration.

  6. 6.2 BONDING • STABLE ELECTRON CONFIGURATION: • Which group does this describe?

  7. 6.2 BONDING • What do elements with UNSTABLE ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS do?

  8. 6.2 BONDING • They BOND • COVALENT BONDING

  9. 6.2 BONDING • COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING • Both Hydrogens are now STABLE in their highest energy levels

  10. 6.2 BONDING • COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING • What type of element is Hydrogen?

  11. 6.2 BONDING • COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS • What element is this?

  12. 6.2 BONDING • COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS • How many electrons are shared in each picture?

  13. 6.2 BONDING • COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS • Two = A PAIR • This is called a SINGLE COVALENT BOND

  14. 6.2 BONDING • COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS • Each atom shares AN EQUAL number of electrons to fill its outer shell

  15. 6.2 BONDING • COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS • This is how you DRAW a SINGLE COVALENT BOND

  16. 6.2 BONDING • COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS • A single line means each atom shared one electron each to get full.

  17. 6.2 BONDING • COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS • How would you show the bond between Carbon and Hydrogen? • BREAK FOR THE BONDING BASICS SHEET

  18. 6.2 BONDING • COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS • How would you show the bond between Carbon and Hydrogen?

  19. 6.2 BONDING • COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS • How would you DRAW the bond between Carbon and Hydrogen?

  20. 6.2 BONDING • COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS • What kind of bond would 2 oxygen atoms form? • COVALENT

  21. 6.2 BONDING • COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS • How many electrons does each atom need? • TWO

  22. 6.2 BONDING • COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS • How many TOTAL electrons are shared? • FOUR

  23. 6.2 BONDING • COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS • How would you draw this? This is a DOUBLE COVALENT BOND. 2 pairs shared

  24. 6.2 BONDING • COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS • What kind of bond would 2 nitrogen atoms form? • COVALENT

  25. 6.2 BONDING • COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS • How many electrons does each atom need? • Three

  26. 6.2 BONDING • COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS • How many total electrons are shared? • Six (three pairs)

  27. 6.2 BONDING • COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS • How would you draw this? • This is a TRIPLE COVALENT BOND 3 pairs shared

  28. 6.2 BONDING • COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS • Sometimes electrons are NOT SHARED EQUALLY

  29. 6.2 BONDING • COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS • This is called a POLAR COVALENT MOLECULE

  30. 6.2 BONDING • COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS • The molecule has a negative side and positive side

  31. 6.2 BONDING • COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS • The molecule has a negative side and positive side

  32. 6.2 BONDING • COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS • Whenever electrons are SHARED, the thing that is formed is called a MOLECULE.

  33. 6.2 BONDING • COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS • How do you write the Chemical Formula for a MOLECULE?

  34. 6.2 BONDING How do you write the Chemical Formula for a MOLECULE? • H2 • O2 • CH4 • F2 • N2

  35. BONDING HOW DO YOU NAME A MOLECULE? • H2O • Dihydrogen oxide • CO2 • Carbon dioxide • CaCO3 • Calcium carbonate • HCl • Hydrogen Chloride • HNO3 • Hydrogen nitrate

  36. Building Covalent Molecules

  37. Building Covalent Molecules Element Color Lewis Dot Number of covalent bonds needed to get a full outer shell = number of holes C BLACK 4 H YELLOW 1 O RED 2 S SILVER 2 N BLUE 3

  38. Building Covalent Molecules • Suppose you need to make three covalent bonds to get a full outer shell. What are three ways of covalent bonding involving combinations of single, double, and triple bonds that you could use?

  39. Building Covalent Molecules • When you build a good model what happens to the holes in the atomic models? • THEY ARE FULL

  40. Molecule’s name What is used for or where is it found? Chemical Formula Structural formula water F: Atmosphere Crust Living Things Uses: Respiration Photosynthesis H2O oxygen Atmosphere Crust Living things Uses: Rocket Boosters And Fuel respiration photosynthesis Cryo-Storage O2 nitrogen Atmosphere Living Organisms Plant food gunpowder rocket fuel ammonia N2 methane Earths Crust deep in the ocean Heating cooking Car fuel CH4 propane Earths Crust Fuel power grills C3H8 butane Fossil Fuel Cooking fuel lighters aerosol spray C4H10 rotten egg gas Product of decaying Uses: Law enforcement , Small amounts used in certain novelty items H2S ammonia Sea water salt marshes Uses: Fertilizer cleaner explosives chemical warfare (mustard gas) NH3 carbon dioxide Atmosphere Uses: Photosynthesis Propellant Paintball Airsoft CO2

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