1.2 The Geographer’s Tools

1. 1.2 The Geographer’s Tools Geography

2. Vocabulary Globe Scale Distortion Projection Compass rose Cardinal direction Key 1.2 The Geographer’s Tools

3. 1.2 The Geographer’s Tools • Journal • List the kinds of maps that you are familiar with. • How do you find Walmart from school?

4. 1.2 The Geographer’s Tools • Globes and Maps • Globe—a round ball like the Earth. Mapmakers could show the continents and oceans of the Earth as they really are. • What is the problem with the globe? Can you put it in your pocket and take it with you on your way to Walmart? • A globe cannot be complete enough to be convenient.

5. 1.2 The Geographer’s Tools • Geographers invented flat maps • The problem? The Earth is round, but the map is flat. • You cannot show a round earth on a flat map without distortion, a change in accuracy of shapes and distances. • Something is going to look smaller or larger than it is.

6. 1.2 The Geographer’s Tools • Getting it all on the Map • Mercator Projection—a method of putting a map of the Earth on a flat piece of paper. • This map is used by sailors • On the Mercator Projection Greenland looks bigger than South America. Greenland is actually only one-eighth as large as South America. • Is known as a conformal map. Shows correct shpaes but not true distances or sizes.

7. 1.2 The Geographer’s Tools • Interrupted Projection—like a ripped orange peel. • By creating gaps in the picture of the world, mapmakers showed the size and shape of land accurately. • The gaps make it impossible to figure distances correctly.

8. 1.2 The Geographer’s Tools • Robinson’s Projection—shows the size and shape of most of the land quite accurately. • Sizes of the oceans and distances are also fairly accurate • Robinson’s distortions are around the edge of the map.

9. 1.2 The Geographer’s Tools • Parts of a map • Compass rose—model of a compass • Cardinal directions—north, south, east and west. • Key—(legend) may include symbols for features such as national and state parks, various types of roads, sizes of towns and cities, or important land marks. • Title—tells the subject of the map

10. 1.2 The Geographer’s Tools • Grid—parallels and meridians or letters (large country maps) and numbers (smaller road, city, county, state maps). • Make sure that you have defined the vocabulary. • Make sure that you have completed the journal. • Make sure that you have completed the Questions to explore.

11. 1.2 The Geographer’s Tools • Complete 1.2 section review on p. 19. • Complete The Geographer’s Tools worksheet for homework.