Chapter 4 Ship’s Structure and Equipment

1. Chapter 4 Ship’s Structure and Equipment Part One Ship’s Structure

2. A brief introduction of this Chapter Warm-up questions: 1. What do you know about ship’s Structure? 2. What can be used to moor a ship? 3. Do you know anything about shipboard equipment?

3. 1. Vocabulary • bow n. 船首 • stern n. 船尾 • weather deck 露天甲板 • expose vt. 暴露 • be exposed to 遭受、暴露于 • forecastle deck 首楼甲板 • upper deck  上甲板，上层连续甲板 • poop deck 尾楼甲板 • tween-deck n. 二层甲板 • Superstructure n. 上层建筑

4. 1. Vocabulary • hull n. 船体 • plating n. 钢板 • watertight compartment 水密舱 • bulkhead n.舱壁 • tween-deck n. 二层甲板 • fore-peak tank 首尖舱 • after-peak tank 尾尖舱 • double bottom tank 双层底舱 • hatch n. 舱口，舱 • dog n.（水密门）板闩把手

5. 1. Vocabulary • block n. 滑轮 • windlass n. 起锚机 • cable stopper 制链器 • cable locker 锚链舱 • spurling pipe 锚链管 • gypsy n. 锚机滚筒 • hawsepipe n. 锚链筒 • jackstaff n. 船首旗杆 • fairlead n. 导缆孔，导缆器 • roller fairlead 滚柱导缆器 • warp n. 绞船缆

6. 锚设备 1-锚(anchor)；2-锚穴(anchor recess)；3-锚链筒(hawse pipe)；4-制链器(chain stopper)；5-锚机(windlass)；6-锚链管(chain pipe)；7-锚链舱(chain locker)；8-锚链(chain)

7. 1. Vocabulary • chafe n. 摩擦 • wear and tear 磨损 • eye n. 眼环 • splice vi./n. 插接，拼接 眼环

8. 1. Vocabulary • bollard n. 系缆桩（一般指码头、突堤或水中的） • bitt n. 系缆桩（一般指船上的双柱系缆桩） 缆桩

9. Part One Ship’s StructureGeneral Layout 最后的 • The foremost part is called the bow and the rearmost part is called stern. When standing in a ship and facing the bow, the left-hand side is called the port side and the right-hand side is called the starboard side.

10. Part One Ship’s StructureGeneral Layout 主甲板是从船首到船尾的第一层连续水密甲板。 • The decks aboard ship are the same as the floors in a house. The main deck is the first continuous watertight deck that runs from the bow to the stern. In many instances, the weather deck and the main deck may be one and the same. Any partial deck above the main deck is named according to its location on the ship. At the bow it is called a forecastle deck, amidships it is an upper deck, and at the stern it is called the poop deck. The term weather deck includes all parts of the forecastle, main, upper, and poop decks exposed to the weather. Any structure built above the weather deck is called superstructure. 露天甲板 上甲板，上层连续甲板 首楼甲板 尾楼甲板 遭受日晒雨淋，遭受风吹浪打，放在露天 上层建筑

11. Part One Ship’s StructureGeneral Layout 船体 由……组成 钢板 船体被甲板与舱壁分成许多水密舱室。 • The main part of a ship is the hull. This is the area between the main deck, the sides and the bottom. It is made up of frames covered with plating. The hull is divided up into a number of watertight compartments by decks and bulkheads. Bulkheads are vertical steel walls going across the ship and along. Decks divide the hull horizontally. Those dividing up cargo spaces are known as tween-decks. The hull contains the engine room, cargo space and a number of tanks. In dry cargo ships the cargo space is divided into holds, and in liquid cargo ships it is divided into tanks. At the fore end of the hull are the fore-peak tanks and at the after end the after-peak tanks. They are used for fresh water and water ballast. The space between the holds and the bottom of the hull contains double bottom tanks which are used for ballast water and fuel. 在货舱与船体底部间是用来装压载水和燃油的双层底舱。

12. Part One Ship’s StructureGeneral Layout 水密舱口或水密门上的把手叫做dog(水密门把手)。 • The main deck covers the cargo spaces or holds. There are openings cut in the deck and these openings are the hatches, one to each hold. Entrances from one compartment to another are called doors. The handles on the watertight hatch or door are called dogs. • The forecastle on a ship is a small extra deck above the main deck, forward of number one hold, right up in the bow. It carries the anchors and their cables. The windlass is for raising and lowering the anchors. There are port and starboard cable stoppers on the forecastle. The cable comes up from the cable locker through the spurling pipe, over the gypsy on the windlass, through the stopper and down through the hawsepipe. Right forward of the forecastle is the jackstaff. 锚机 翻译：锚链从锚链舱出来经过锚链管，绕过锚机滚筒，通过制链器再向下到锚链筒。

13. Windlass 锚机(windlass) 1-电动机(electromotor)；2-减速器(reducer)；3、4、5、6-传动齿轮(drive gear) 7-离合器(clutch)； 8-链轮(chain wheel)；9-刹车操纵杆(brake control rod)； 10-带缆卷筒(rope drum）；11-带式刹车(brake)

14. Part One Ship’s StructureGeneral Layout • There are two open wings of the bridge. They project out to the full width of the ship on each side, port and starboard. In between is the wheelhouse. That’s enclosed for protection from the weather. • There are several pairs of mooring bitts and fairleads fitted with rollers along the deck for wires and warps. The roller fairleads can cut down chafe and friction, so the owners are glad to reduce wear and tear by using roller fairleads all over the place. 滚轮导缆器 翻译：滚柱导缆器能降低摩擦和阻力，因此船舶所有人很高兴通过在各处使用滚柱导缆器来减小磨损 。

15. Part One Ship’s StructureGeneral Layout 标准系泊缆绳包括头缆、前横缆与前倒缆，尾缆、尾横缆和尾倒缆。 • A ship is made fast to the quayside by mooring lines. The standard mooring lines consist of headline, forward breast line and forward spring line and stern line, aft breast line and aft spring line. Any of these lines may be doubled. Each line has a large eye spliced in the end. The eye is placed over a bollard on the quayside. If there is another line already on the bollard, the eye of the second line should be taken up through the eye of the first line before placing it over the bollard.This makes it possible for either line to be let go first. 如果缆桩上已经套有一根缆绳，第二根缆的眼环应当向上从第一根缆的眼环中穿过再套在系缆桩上。这样可以先解掉任何一根缆绳。

16. Summary of this period. Homework: 1. Review what we have learned today. 2. Keep the new words and phrases in mind. 3. Preview next part of the text.