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Immigrants and Members of Visible Minority Groups on the Labour Market

Immigrants and Members of Visible Minority Groups on the Labour Market. Where does discrimination begin?. Quebec : A n I ncreasingly D iverse S ociety. Percentage of Quebec population who are immigrants 1951 : 5.6% 2001 : 9.9% Visible minority groups in Quebec in 2001

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Immigrants and Members of Visible Minority Groups on the Labour Market

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  1. Immigrants and Members of Visible Minority Groups on the Labour Market Where does discrimination begin?

  2. Quebec : An Increasingly Diverse Society • Percentage of Quebec population who are immigrants • 1951 : 5.6% • 2001 : 9.9% • Visible minority groups in Quebec in 2001 • 7%of total population • 47%of immigrant population • Growth of labour force between 1991 and 2001 due to immigration : 63% Source : Census of Canada

  3. Declining incomes of recent immigrants • In Canada in 1980, recent male immigrants earned 17%less than native male Canadians • In 2000, the gap grew to 40% • For women, the gap grew from 23% in 1980 to 44%in 2000 However : • In 2000, young Canadian-born male graduates earned 3% less that their counterparts in 1980 (from $45 800 to $44 300) • In 2000, young recent male immigrant graduatesearned 3% more than their counterparts in 1980 (from $42 300 to $43 400) Source : Census of Canada (Frenette, Morisette, 2003)

  4. Unemployment Rate (Quebec) Source : Census of Canada

  5. But selection makes a difference (Quebec) All Recent Immigrants Recent selected skilled Workers 1993 between 57% and 78% 1991 49% Employment Rate Employment Rate 1997 between 61% and 70% 2001 50% 2002 71% 2000 $18 900 2000 $30 100 Income Income Sources : MRCI (Qc) surveys, Census of Canada, IMDB

  6. Results are not the same for all origins Among recent immigrants selected by Quebec as skilled workers, the situation in March 2002 was the following : Continent of Birth Europe Africa + Asia University graduates 52.9% 63% Employment rate 88% 75% Unemployment rate 7.8% 19% Average salary (per week) $782 $694 Source: Survey of workers selected, MRCI (Qc), 2002

  7. What are the reasons for these gaps? • Lack of language skills? • Lack of work experience in the Canadian labour market? • Structural changes in the economy? • Foreign credentials and experience not being recognized? • Weak networks? • Discrimination?

  8. What should be done?

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