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Learn about workflow management systems, process mining, BPR, resource management, and more in this detailed guide to optimizing business processes. Explore historical trends, key concepts, and the evolution towards BPM technology.
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Workflow/Business Process Management Introduction business process management and workflow management
Overview Business Process Management process mining • Relation with BPR (Re)design of workflows Resource management Analysis of workflows Logistical aspects Staffware Patterns Protos Concepts Guidelines FLOWer Workflow management systems Simulation Techniques for business process modelling Interorganizational workflow Adaptive workflow With or without WFMS Workflow management
Some trends in Information Systems • From programming to assembling • From data orientation to process orientation • From design to redesign and organic growth operating system generic applications domain specific applications tailor-made applications
Before BPM: WFM- workflow management - Goal To manage the flow of work such that the work is done at the right time by the proper person. Definitions A workflow management system (WFMS) is a software package that can be used to support the definition, management and execution of workflow processes. A workflow system (WFS) is a system based on a WFMS that supports a specific set of business processes through the execution of computerized process definitions
UIMS UIMS appl. appl. appl. appl. DBMS DBMS DBMS WFMS OS OS OS OS 1965-1975 1975-1985 1985-1995 1995-2005 Relevance of workflow management systems Trend: • Processes: • are becoming more important (BPR) • are subject to frequent changes • are becoming more complex • are increasing in number Þ Workflow Management System
processes resources WFMS applications The basic idea: • separation of processes, resources and applications • focus on the logistics of work processes, not on the contents of individual tasks
BPM: The next step- business process management - • True Business Process Management is an amalgam of traditional workflow and the 'new' BPM technology. It then follows that as BPM is a natural extension of – and not a separate technology to – Workflow, BPM is in fact the merging of process technology covering 3 process categories: interactions between (i) people-to-people; (ii) systems-to-systems and (iii) systems-to-people – all from a process-centric perspective. This is what true BPM is all about.” Jon Pyke, CTO Staffware. • “…a blending of process management/workflow with application integration.” David McCoy, Gartner Group
BPR, CPI, Office logistics- relationships to other domains - Business Process Reengineering (BPR) (Business Process Redesign) • Hammer and Champy: "Reengineering the corporation" (1993) • Keywords: • fundamental • radical • dramatic • process • The "organize before automate"-principle is replaced by "process thinking".
high CPI chaos BPR BPR impact CPI change CPI BPR stagnation CPI low low high time frequency Continuous Process Improvement (CPI) • Instead of of seeking a radical breakthrough, optimizing the process by continuous, incremental improvements. • Part of the Total Quality Management (TQM) approach("doing it right the first time", "eliminate waste", ...) BPR and CPI are both process centric and can be supported by a WFMS.
Historical overview of systems (Zur Muehlen, 2003)
human oriented system oriented groupware workflow transaction processing P2P = Person To Person A2P = Application To Person A2A = Application To Application
Focus on "classical" workflow management systems, but ... Four types of "workflow-like" systems: • Information systems with hard-coded workflows (process& organization specific). • Custom-made information systems with generic workflow support (organization specific). • Generic softwarewith embedded workflow functionality (e.g., the workflow components of ERP, CRM, PDM, etc. systems). • Generic softwarefocusing onworkflow functionality (e.g., Staffware, MQSeries Workflow, FLOWer, COSA, Oracle BPEL, Filenet, etc.).
Reference model of the Workflow Management Coalition What? When? Who?
Workflow perspectives • Process perspective (tasks and the routing of cases) • Resource perspective (workers, roles, 4-eyes principle, etc.) • Case/data perspective (process instances and their attributes) • Operation/application perspective (forms, application integration, etc.) • ...
Petri nets as a basis • The process perspective is the most dominant one. • There are many modeling techniques and tools • BPEL, BPMN, DFD, ISAC, SADT, PN, HLPN, PA, FC, UML, ... • Simulation tools, design tools, CASE tools, WFMS, ... • Focus on the essential concepts rather than (system-)specific languages. • Approach in this course (1) first master workflow modeling in terms of workflow nets (a subset of Petri nets), and (2) only then look into mappings to and from (system-)specific languages.
Example of a process model: A Petri net modeling order processing
Test Exercise: Dining philosophers • 5 philosophers sharing 5 chopsticks: chopsticks are located in-between philosophers • A philosopher is either in state eating or thinking and needs two chopsticks to eat. • Model as a Petri net.