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Estela Rivero, El Colegio de México Carla Pederzini , Universidad Iberoamericana

Is the Mexican Youth an Agent of Change? An Analysis of Gender and the Heterogeneity of Time Use Patterns of Mexicans 15 to 29 Years Old. Estela Rivero, El Colegio de México Carla Pederzini , Universidad Iberoamericana. 2014 Applied Demography Conference San Antonio, Texas.

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Estela Rivero, El Colegio de México Carla Pederzini , Universidad Iberoamericana

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  1. Is the Mexican Youth an Agent of Change? An Analysis of Gender and the Heterogeneity of Time Use Patterns of Mexicans 15 to 29 Years Old Estela Rivero, El Colegio de México Carla Pederzini, Universidad Iberoamericana 2014 AppliedDemographyConference San Antonio, Texas

  2. Stylizedfacts: Importantadvances in genderequity in Mexico in thelastthreedecades • Female labor forceparticipationincreasedfrom 17% in 1970 to 35% in 2000 • Thepercentage of womenwithcollegestudiesincreasedfrom 30% in 1980 to 47% in 2000 • Thepercentage of women in theSenateincreasedfrom 7% in the 1991-1994 period, to 24% in the 2006-2004 period (UNDP 2007)

  3. However, thegenderdivision of labor isstillverytraditional

  4. Objectives Identifywhetherthere are anygroupsthat show liberal time-use patterns and can laterserve as chanagediffusors Justification Itisimperative to analyze time-use patterns to understandchanges in gender roles and expectations

  5. Whyisitimportant to identifyinnovators? • Analysis of time use in Mexico shows littlevariationin time use patterns (Hernández and Rivero 2014) • Withtheexception of feweducated and youngmen, menhaveonlyslightlyincreasedparticipation in domesticactivities(Hernández and Rivero 2014) • Despiteincreasedfemaleeducation, manyyoungwomenspendtheir time in domesticactivities (Pederzini and Rivero 2013) • Youthunemployment has manyyoungmenout of schooland employment (Pederzini and Rivero 2013)

  6. Whatexplains time-use patterns in Mexico? • Economics: Comparative advantage of men in market work and women in nonmarket work. Household Maximization (Becker, 1981) • Relative Resources: The individual with the most resources negotiates its way out of it (Shelton & John, 1996) • Time availability: Men and women participate in housework and childcare to the extent that there are demands on them to do so and they have available time • Ideology: women and men with more egalitarian attitudes will have a more equal division of household labor

  7. Hypotheses • As adults show fewvariation in patterns, theprobability of findinginnovatorsamongtheyoungsterswill be higher • Theseinnovators are more educatedthantheircohort • Schoolingwillhave a largereffectondifferetiating time-use patternsamongyoungstersthanamongotheradults

  8. Data • National Time Use Survey (INEGI 2009) • 17,000 Households • Allindividuals 12 yearsold and older • Questionnaireform • Informationondaily-lifeactivitiesforweek prior to thesurvey

  9. Methodology • Latentclassanalysis run to distinguishgroupswith liberal time use patterns • Separategroupsdistinguishedforeachsex/agegroup • Logisticmodelsformen and women to weighttheeffect of age, schooling and itsinteractionontheprobability of being in a liberal time-use pattern

  10. Methodology • Latentclassanalysis run to distinguishgroupswith liberal time use patterns • - Separategroupsdistinguishedforeach sex/agegroup • Logisticmodelsformen and women to weighttheeffect of age, schooling and itsinteractionontheprobability of being in a liberal time-use pattern

  11. Methodology • Latentclassanalysis run to distinguishgroupswith liberal time use patterns • Separategroupsdistinguishedforeach sex/agegroup • Descriptiveanalysis of difference in schoolinglevelbetween liberal and non-liberal time-use patterns, byage and sex

  12. Mean dailynumber of hoursdedicated to variousactivities, by sex and agegroup

  13. Characteristics of liberal time users

  14. Differences in schoolachivementbetween liberal and conservativegroups - youngsters Alldifferences are significantwith p<0.01

  15. Conclusions • Presence of “innovator” groupsamongyoungstersisquestionnable • Differences in behavior in theseagegroupsis more a question of social class and education – (but reverse causation) than of changes in behavior • Prettypesimisticfutureforprivatechanges in the short run

  16. Thankyou! estela.rivero@colmex.mx carla.pederzini@ibero.mx

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