CS426 Prof.Vicky Hsu PROJECT ON WiMAX BY MOHAMMED IMRAN A1561

1. CS426 Prof.Vicky Hsu PROJECT ON WiMAX BY MOHAMMED IMRAN A1561

2. WiMAXWorldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

3. Contents • Introduction • Working of WIMAX • IEEE 802.16 standard • 802.16 Architecture • IEEE 802.16 Specifications • WiMAX Development Stages • Features of WIMAX • Advantages & Disadvantages of WiMAX • Advantages of WIMAX over WIFI • WIMAX vs. 3G • FUTURE OF WIMAX

4. Brief on WiMAX • WiMAX is an acronym that stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, a certification mark for products that pass conformity and interoperability tests for the IEEE 802.16 standards. • WiMAX is a standards-based wireless technology that provides high-throughput broadband connections over long distances. • WiMAX can be used for a number of applications, including "last mile" broadband connections, hotspots and cellular backhaul, and high-speed enterprise connectivity for business.

5. Why WiMAX? There are three possible ways to access internet. • Broadband access Uses DSL or cable modem at home and T1 or T3 line at office • WIFI Uses WIFI routers at home and hotspots on the road • Dial Up Connection

6. NEW TECHNOLOGY • Broadband access is too expensive and WiFi coverage is very sparse. • The new technology promises • High speed of broadband service • Wireless rather than wired access • Broad Coverage

7. History of WiMax • WiMAX technology was developed in earlier 2000 and it was named by WiMax Forums. In year 2004 this technology started to groom and eventually gets into lots of talk’s and  discussions around the world among major international institutes, in year 2004 advancements, enhancements were deployed to some extend. • WiMAX has not yet deployed to its full potential and still lot and lots of room to use this technology to its potential. It is not yet put to use as commercialized technologies like Wifi, GPRS, and 3G. • Businesses and governments are looking at the development of WiMax in their areas. There is also currently a high level of interest in the development of mobile applications for WiMax.

8. The WIMAX Forum • Founded in April 2001 • No Profit organization comprised of wireless access system manufacturers, component suppliers, software developers and carriers. • A wireless industry consortium that supports and promotes WiMAX’s commercial usage. • Comply with the WiMAX standard and focus on the interoperability. • Members include Intel, AT&T, Siemens Mobile, British Telecommunications, etc.

9. A WIMAX system consists of • A WiMAX tower, similar in concept to a cell-phone tower - A single WiMAX tower can provide coverage to a very large area as big as 3,000 square miles (~8,000 square km). • A WiMAX receiver - The receiver and antenna could be a small box or Personal Computer Memory card, or they could be built into a laptop the way WiFi access is today

10. HOW WIMAX works?

11. MODES OF OPERATION • Line-of-sight service • Line-of-sight between transmitter & receiver • 11 GHz to 66 GHz frequency range • At Higher frequencies, there is less interference and lots more bandwidth. • Non-line-of-sight • Line-of-sight is not required in between a small antenna on CPE and receiver • 2 GHz to 11 GHz frequency range • Longer-wavelength transmissions are not as easily disrupted by • physical obstructions – they are better able to diffract, or bend, • around obstacles .

13. WIMAX Scenario • Consider a scenario where a WiMax-enabled computer is 10 miles away from the WiMax base station. • A special encryption code is given to computer to gain access to base station • The base station would beam data from the Internet required for computer (at speeds potentially higher than today's cable modems)

14. WIMAX Scenario • The user would pay the provider monthly fee for using the service. The cost for this service could be much lower than current high-speed Internet-subscription fees because the provider never had to run cables • The WiMAX protocol is designed to accommodate several different methods of data transmission, one of which is Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) • If WiMAX-compatible computers become very common, the use of VoIP could increase dramatically. Almost anyone with a laptop could make VoIP calls

15. WIMAX CHIPS WiMAX Mini-PCI Reference DesignIntel’s first WIMAX chip

17. IEEE 802.16 • Range- 30 miles from base station • Speed- 70 Megabits per second • Frequency bands- 2 to 11 and 10 to 66(licensed and unlicensed bands respectively) • Defines both MAC and PHY layer and allows multiple PHY layer specifications

18. Usage Models of IEEE 802.16 • Fixed • IEEE 802.16 standard • Portable • IEEE 802.16-2004 standard ( revises & replaces IEEE 802.16a & 802.16REVd versions) • Mobile • IEEE 802.16e

20. IEEE 802.16 Specifications • 802.16a Uses the licensed frequencies from 2 to 11 GHz Supports Mesh network • 802.16b Increase spectrum to 5 and 6 GHz Provides QoS( for real time voice and video service) • 802.16c Represents a 10 to 66GHz • 802.16d Improvement and fixes for 802.16a • 802.16e Addresses on Mobile Enable high-speed signal handoffs necessary for communications with users moving at vehicular speeds

21. WiMAX Standards

22. Broadband Wireless Access WiFi WiFi WiFi 802.16/a Backhaul 802.16 LOS to fixed outdoor antenna 802.16e NLOS to MSS (laptop/PDA.) 802.16a NLOS to fixed Indoor antenna 802.16a NLOS to fixed outdoor antenna MSS: Mobile Subscriber Station; LOS: Line of Sight; NLOS: Non Line of Sight

23. 802.16 Architecture • IEEE 802.16 Protocol Architecture has 4 layers: Convergence, MAC, Transmission and physical, which can be mapped to two OSI lowest layers: physical and data link.

24. 802.16 Architecture • P2MP Architecture BS connected to Public Networks BS serves Subscriber Stations (SS) Provides SS with first mile access to Public Networks • Mesh Architecture Optional architecture for WiMAX

25. P2MP Architecture

26. Mesh Architecture

27. 802.16 Network Topology

28. WiMAX Development Stages • Fixed Wireless: • Phase 1: Fixed wireless access using outdoor installed antennae providing high speed service to businesses. Also, will serve in a “backhaul” role, linking WiFi hot spots to the Internet. • Phase 2: Introduction of indoor, self-installable Customer Premises Equipment (CPE). Consumers will be able to bring home a box resembling a cable modem, plop it down anywhere in the house and receive high speed service. • Mobile Wireless: • Phase 3: Manufacturers to integrate WiMAX into PC cards, laptops, and other portable devices to enjoy high speed connectivity at home, around town, and even while speeding down the highway.

32. FEATURES OF WIMAX • Long Range • Scalability • Quality of Service • Coverage

33. Long Range • Optimized for up to 50 Km • Designed to handle many users spread out over kilometres • Designed to tolerate greater multi-path delay spread (signal reflections) up to 10.0μ seconds • PHY and MAC designed with multi-mile range in mind

34. Scalability • The 802.16 standard supports flexible radio frequency (RF) channel bandwidths. • The standard supports hundreds or even thousands of users within one RF channel • As the number of subscribers grow the spectrum can be reallocated with process of sectoring.

35. Quality of Service • Primary purpose of QoS feature is to define transmission ordering and scheduling on the air interface • These features often need to work in conjunction with mechanisms beyond the air interface in order to provide end to end QoS or to police the behaviour or SS.

36. Requirements for QoS • A configuration and registration function to pre configure SS based QoS service flows and traffic parameters. • A signalling function for dynamically establishing QoS enabled service flows and traffic parameters. • Utilization of MAC scheduling and QoS traffic parameters for uplink service flows. • Utilization of QoS traffic parameters for downlink service flows.

37. Coverage • Standard supports mesh network topology • Optimized for outdoor NLOS performance • Standard supports advanced antenna techniques

38. WiMAX Applications

39. WiMAX Applications (Contd.) • Cellular backhaul Uses PTP antennas to connect aggregate subscriber stations to each other and to base stations across long distances. • Last mile Uses PMP antennas to connect residential or business subscribers to the BS. • Broadband ‘On-demand’ It enables the service provider to offer instantly configurable high speed connectivity for temporary events.

40. WiMAX Applications (Contd.) • Residential broadband: filling the gaps in cable & DSL coverage The range, absence of a LOS requirement, high BW, flexibility and low cost helps to overcome the limitations of traditional wired and proprietary wireless technologies. • Underserved Areas Local utilities and governments work together with a local Wireless Internet Service Provider (WISP) to deliver service. •  Mobility IEEE 802.16e allow users to connect to a WISP even when they roam outside their home or business, or go to another city that also has a WISP.

41. BENEFITS OF WIMAX • Speed • Faster than broadband service • Wireless • Not having to lay cables reduces cost • Easier to extend to suburban and rural areas • Broad Coverage • Much wider coverage than WiFi hotspots

42. Benefits to Service Providers • Allow service providers to deliver high throughput broadband based services like VoIP, high-speed Internet and Video. • Facilitate equipment compatibility. • Reduce the capital expenditures required for network expansion. • Provide improved performance and extended range.

43. Benefits to Customers • Range of technology and service level choices from both fixed and wireless broadband operators. • DSL-like services at DSL prices but with portability. • Rapidly declining fixed broadband prices. • No more DSL “installation” fees from incumbent.

44. Disadvantages of WiMAX • Line-of-sight (LOS) is required for long distance (5-30 mile) connections. • Certain conditions —terrain, weather and large buildings—can act to reduce the maximum range. • Other wireless electronics can interfere with the WiMAX connection & cause a reduction in data throughput. • licensed airwave frequencies are limited availability. Unlicensed airwaves are free but all can use them—difficult to control service quality as other users of the same band could cause interference

45. Comparison betweenWi-Fi & WiMAX (IEEE 802.11 & IEEE 802.16a)

46. 802.11 802.16a • Wide (20MHz) frequency channels • MAC designed to support 10’s of users • Channel bandwidths can be chosen by operator (e.g. for sectorization) • 1.5 MHz to 20 MHz width channels. MAC designed for scalability. independent of channel bandwidth • MAC designed to support thousands of users. Scalability 802.16a is designed for subscriber density

47. Channel Bandwidth Maximum Data Rate Maximum bps/Hz 802.11 20 MHz 54 Mbps 2.7 bps/Hz 802.16a 1.5 – 20 MHz 100 Mbps 5.0 bps/Hz RELATIVE PERFORMANCE 802.16a is designed for metropolitan performance

48. 802.11 802.16a • Contention-based MAC (CSMA/CA) => no guaranteed QoS • Standard cannot currently guarantee latency for Voice, Video • Standard does not allow for differentiated levels of service on a per-user basis • 802.11e (proposed) QoS is prioritization only • Grant-request MAC • Designed to support Voice and Video from ground up • Supports differentiated service levels: e.g. T1 for business customers; best effort for residential. • Centrally-enforced QoS Quality of Service High Quality of Service

49. 802.11 802.16a • Optimized for ~100 meters • No “near-far” compensation • Designed to handle indoor multi-path delay spread of 0.8μ seconds • Optimization centers around PHY and MAC layer for 100m range • Optimized for up to 50 Km • Designed to handle many users spread out over kilometers • Designed to tolerate greater multi-path delay spread (signal reflections) up to 10.0μ seconds • PHY and MAC designed with multi-mile range in mind Range 802.16a is designed for distance

50. 802.11 802.16a • Optimized for indoor performance • No mesh topology support within ratified standards • Optimized for outdoor NLOS performance • Standard supports mesh network topology • Standard supports advanced antenna techniques Coverage