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RLDC’s MANAGEMENT

RLDC’s MANAGEMENT. MANAGEMENT OF LOAD DISPATCH CENTERS. RLDC’s MANAGEMENT. Territorial Jurisdiction: Five Regions In Country: Northern Southern Eastern Western North – Eastern. RLDC’s MANAGEMENT. Operating Agency:

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RLDC’s MANAGEMENT

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  1. RLDC’s MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT OF LOAD DISPATCH CENTERS

  2. RLDC’s MANAGEMENT Territorial Jurisdiction: Five Regions In Country: • Northern • Southern • Eastern • Western • North – Eastern

  3. RLDC’s MANAGEMENT Operating Agency: - A Govt. Company or any Authority or Corporation established under Central Act. - Presently responsibility entrusted to : Central Transmission Utility - POWERGRID

  4. RLDC’s MANAGEMENT Challenges: • Frequent Grid Disturbances / Blackouts • Wide Frequency / Voltage excursions • Transmission Bottlenecks • Sub-Optimal Operation • Stressed Equipments and Operators

  5. RLDC’s MANAGEMENT RLDC Responsibilities: - Apex body to ensure integrated operation of Power System in the concerned region - Efficient, Economical and Integrated transmission and supply of Electricity - Co-ordination of facilities for inter-state, regional and inter-regional generation and transmission of electricity

  6. RLDC’s MANAGEMENT Co-ordination Functions: - Scheduling Co-ordination - Merit Order Operation -Resource Scheduling - Facilitating inter-state and inter-regional transactions - Transmission corridor usage allocation and loss optimization - Keeping accounts of electricity transmitted through regional grid

  7. RLDC’s MANAGEMENT Real Time Functions: - Load-Generation balance and maintenance of system parameters - System security and integrity - Facilitating inter-state and inter-regional spot trading - State estimation and contingency evaluation - System contingency handling and revival

  8. RLDC’s MANAGEMENT Real Time Operation : Strengths • Simple, but effective tools • Holistic approach rather than relying only on elaborate codified procedures • Co-operative Culture • Real Time Operation stands on two firm footings • IEGC – THE INDIAN ELECTRICITY GRID CODE • ABT – AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF

  9. INDIAN ELECTRICITY GRID CODE (IEGC) RLDC’s MANAGEMENT • SIMPLE, COMPREHENSIVE AND EFFECTIVE • ADAPTIVE TO GRID REQUIREMENTS • CLARITY IN ROLES OF STAKE HOLDERS • Encompasses: - Planning Code for Inter State Transmission - Connection Conditions - Operating Code for Regional Grids - Scheduling and Dispatch Code - Management of Indian Electricity Grid Code

  10. Availability Based Tariff RLDC’s MANAGEMENT • A Rational Tariff Structure • Complements Grid Reliability • Encourage Those Who Help The Grid and Discourage Those Who Undermine Reliability • Simple and Effective • Scientific Settlement System on Weekly Basis

  11. RLDC’s MANAGEMENT Availability Based Tariff : Price Mechanism Fixed Cost : Plant Availability Variable Cost : Schedule Energy Deviation : Unscheduled Interchange (UI) Attracting Frequency Linked Charges

  12. UI PRICE AND FREQUENCY 49 HZ 600 560 520 480 49.5 HZ CORRESPONDS TO RS.4.00 440 49.5 HZ 400 360 320 PAISE/UNIT 280 240 50 HZ 200 160 120 80 40 50.5 HZ 0 51 50 49 50.9 50.8 50.7 50.6 50.5 50.4 50.3 50.2 50.1 49.9 49.8 49.7 49.6 49.5 49.4 49.3 49.2 49.1 48.9 48.8 48.7 48.6 48.5 FREQUENCY FREQUENCY vs UI PRICE

  13. The Power Of UI: RLDC’s MANAGEMENT • Linked To Frequency – • Collectively Controlled, Democratically Stabilized • Known Online To All - Transparency • Simple – No Elaborate Calculation Required • No Fear Of Price Rigging • No Need For Negotiating • Promotes Discipline • Strong Nash Equilibrium • Dovetails With Loose Power Pools Philosophy • Platform For APOWER MARKET

  14. THE POWER OF UI (Contd.): RLDC’s MANAGEMENT • UI Vector Sends The Signals For • Optimization In The Control Area • Realistic Load-Generation Planning • Trade, Bilateral and Contracts • Indian Equivalent of The Spot and Balancing Market

  15. SYSTEM RESTORATION GRID CONTINGENCIES AND SYSTEM RESTORATION

  16. SYSTEM RESTORATION Power System Network: • Demarcation of Grids In India is on Regional basis • Maximum area which could be affected in the event of a disturbance is the whole region

  17. SYSTEM RESTORATION Last Blackout In NR: - Date: 2nd January 2001 • System Affected: Whole Region (19,800 MW) • Time of Disturbance: 04:44 / 02.01.2001 • Time of Restoration : 13:32 / 02.01.2001

  18. SYSTEM RESTORATION Last Blackout In WR: - Date: 30th July 2002 • System Affected: Whole Region except parts of Mumbai (21,500 MW) • Time of Disturbance: 20:11 / 30.07.2002 • Time of Restoration : 19:00 / 31.07.2002

  19. SYSTEM RESTORATION Last Blackout In ER: - Date: 25th July 2000 • System Affected: Whole Region (7,300 MW) • Time of Disturbance: 21:11 / 25.07.2000 • Time of Restoration : 07:00 / 26.07.2000

  20. SYSTEM RESTORATION Last Blackout In SR: - Date: 23rd January 2002 • System Affected: 50 % Area (10,000 MW) • Time of Disturbance: 12:49 / 23.01.2002 - Time of Restoration : 19:56 / 23.01.2002

  21. Vital Elements: SYSTEM RESTORATION Preparedness of the three Vital Elements is the key for Successful Restoration MEN • EQUIPMENT PROCEDURE

  22. SYSTEM RESTORATION Regional Specific Procedures: A detailed Black Start procedure exists for each Region taking into consideration following Regional specific requirements: - Generation composition - Load Spread - Network Configuration - Black Start Avenues

  23. SYSTEM RESTORATION Black Start Philosophy: - Simultaneous Revival from different corners - Agreed Norms for Inter-Regional assistance - Use of well identified Black Start Avenues - Priority to revival over any commercial aspects

  24. SYSTEM RESTORATION Black Start Philosophy (Contd.): • Empowerment Of System Operators • Synergistic Confluence Of Procedures and Operator Judgment • Right Person In Right Place • Holistic Approach

  25. SYSTEM RESTORATION Real Time Controls: - Identified priorities for load build-up - Load – Generation Balance - Redundancy Build – up - RLDC to act as Nodal agency

  26. SYSTEM RESTORATION Reliability Criteria: - Mock exercises / Dry run tests - Workshops / Refresher courses on Black Start Procedures: A must for each grid operator - Wide circulation of Black Start Document - Review of System Restoration Procedure (Annual Feature)

  27. Pitfalls To Avoid: SYSTEM RESTORATION • Focus On Process Rather Than The Goal • Pervasive Automation • Commercial Transactions Overriding Reliability Issues • Tight Control Of Parameters • Complex Control Hierarchy • Everyone Is Connected – …………………..No One Is In Control

  28. RLDC’s MANAGEMENT THANK YOU

  29. RLDC’s MANAGEMENT Identified Priorities for Load Build-up - Start-up power to thermal units - Supply to Emergency Loads - Supply to Electric Traction - Supply to Strategic installations / areas

  30. RLDC’s MANAGEMENT Load Generation Balance A continuous exercise is on to identify the actual generation build-up and the load is accordingly adjusted

  31. RLDC’s MANAGEMENT Redundancy Build-up While building-up the network due care is also taken to build-up the backup path so that the whole restoration exercise is not jeopardized in the event of tripping of a transmission circuit(s)

  32. RLDC’s MANAGEMENT RLDC as Nodal Agency Throughout the restoration procedure RLDCs act as the nodal agency so as to: - incorporate any deviations in real time in the event of any contingency - issues necessary instructions for fast build up of the system in real time - integrate the different built-up sub-systems

  33. RLDC’s MANAGEMENT Simultaneous Revival From Different Corners For instance, for revival, Northern Region is demarcated into four sub-systems.

  34. RLDC’s MANAGEMENT Agreed Norms for Inter-Regional Assistance During Black Start, assistance on Inter- Regional links is extended on priority

  35. RLDC’s MANAGEMENT Black Start Avenues • Hydro Generating Units • Gas Turbines • Thermal Stations (close to sources of startup power) Hydro Gas Thermal Hydro

  36. RLDC’s MANAGEMENT Revival vis-à-vis Commercial Aspects During system disturbance and revival • the restoration considerations get all importance • commercial contracts get least priority / suspended

  37. NORTHERN REGION AREA 889,000 SQ. KMS. POPULATION 307 MILLION PEAK DEMAND 24,000 MW 480 MU / DAY STATES AFFECTED PUNJAB, HARYANA, RAJASTHAN, DELHI, UP, J & K, UT CHANDIGARH RLDC LOCATION NEW DELHI

  38. SYSTEM RESTORATION SEQUENCE DETAILS

  39. RESTORATION SEQUENCE ON 02-01-2001(Western U.P.) 06:26 Auraiya GPS GT#3 self started. 06:55 220 kV Auraiya-Phaphund D/C charged to extend supply to Railway Traction. 07:43 Auraiya GPS GT#1 Synchronised. 07:55 Supply extended to Agra (tripped at 08:30 hrs) due to load generation imbalance. 10:29 Supply again extended to Agra (Tripped at 10:48 hrs) due to load generation imbalance 11:00 Auraiya GPS GT# 1 & GT#3 tripped on under frequency. 11:33 Railway supply restored by charging 220 kV Auraiya- Phaphund line.

  40. RESTORATION SEQUENCE ON 02-01-2001(Eastern U.P.) 04:44 Time of disturbance. 05:10 Start-up extended to Singrauli from WR (over AC bypass link. 05:20 Supply extended to Mugalsarai-Pahara section of Northern Railway from Bihar (ER) 05:58 400 kV Singrauli-Rihand-I Charged to extend start-up to Rihand 06:15 Supply extended to Pahara-Kanwar section of Northern Railway from 220 kV Allahabad sub-station. 06:32 400 kV Vindhyachal-Kanpur line charged. 06:58 Srart-up power extended to Unchahar TPS from Kanpur. 07:10 Supply extended to Kanwar-Jhinjjak section of Northern Railway from 220 kV Panki sub-station. 09:11 Singrauli 500 MW unit # 6.synchronised. 09:54 Rihand 500 MW unit #1.synchronised.

  41. RESTORATION SEQUENCE IN NR ON 02-01-2001 (Delhi-BBMB system.) 05:05 Attempt (unsuccessful) to self start unit at Bhakra(R) 06:15 Unit self started at Bhakra (L) and power extended to Ganguwal. 06:30 Power extended to Jamalpur (Punjab) 06:53 Power extended to Dhulkote (Haryana) 06:55 Power extended to UT Chandigarh 07:07 Power extended to Panipat. 07:28 400 kV Panipat-Dadri charged but tripped on over voltage. 07:56 Power extended to Kurukshetra. 08:37 Power extended to Narela (Delhi) 08:47 Power extended to 400 kV Dadri from Panipat. 09:08 Power extended to 400 kV Ballabhgarh. 09:19 Gas turbine at Dadri(Gas) synchronised. 09:54 Power extended to 400 kV Mandola (Delhi) 10:17 Whole system collapsed due to load generation imbalance.

  42. RESTORATION SEQUENCE IN NR ON 02-01-2001 (Delhi-BBMB system.) (Contd.) 10:33 Unit at Bhakra (R) self started but desynchronised at 10:46 hrs. 10:47 Unit at Bhakra (R) self started but desynchronised at 10:52 hrs. 11:00 Unit at Bhakra (R) self started and power extended to Ganguwal. 11:09 Power extended to Dhulkote. 11:11 Power extended to Chandigarh. 11:14 Power extended to Panipat. 11:25 Power extended to Panipat (T). 11:30 Power extended to Kurukshetra. 11:42 Power extended to Pong. 11:55 Power extended to Sangrur and Barnala. 12:25 Power extended to Narela (Delhi). 12:37 Power extended to Baira suil from Pong. 13:05 Power extended to 220 kV Ballabhgarh. 13:08 Power extended to BTPS from Ballabhgarh. 13:32 Eastern U.P. and BBMB system synchronised through 400/220 kV ICT at Ballabhgarh.

  43. RESTORATION SEQUENCES ON 02.01.2001(Rajasthan) 04:46 Start-up power availed at R.P. Sagar from Gandhi Sagar Hydro Power Station (M.P). 05:00 Unit # 4 started at TPS. 05:38 GT # 2 started at Anta GPS. 05:47 Supply extended to Railway traction stations and Swaimadhopur. 05:52 Supply extended to Jawahar Sagar Hydro Power Station. 06:05 RAPS-A which was successfully islanded was synchronised to WR Grid through Modak-Ujjain line. 06:42 Power supply extended to Jaipur city. 07:55 Power supply extended to Railway Traction around Gangapur city. 11:15 Kota TPS unit # 2 synchronised. 14:18 Rajasthan system synchronised with BBMB system.

  44. SOUTHERN REGION AREA 636,249 SQ. KMS. POPULATION 223 MILLION PEAK DEMAND 18,500MW 370 MU / DAY STATES AFFECTED AP, KARNATAKA KERELA, TAMIL NADU PONDICHERY RLDC LOCATION BANGALORE

  45. EASTERN REGION AREA 425,432 SQ. KMS. POPULATION 227 MILLION PEAK DEMAND 7000MW 130MU / DAY STATES AFFECTED BIHAR, WEST BENGAL, ORISSA, SIKKIM, JHARKHAND RLDC LOCATION CALCUTTA

  46. WESTERN REGION AREA 951,488 SQ. KMS. POPULATION 230 MILLION PEAK DEMAND 20,000MW 415MU / DAY STATES AFFECTED GUJARAT, GOA, MP, MAHARASHTRA, DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI, DAMAN & DIU, CHHATTISGARH RLDC LOCATION MUMBAI

  47. POWER FROM BHAKRA & SELF STARTING HYDROS SELF STARTING OPEN CYCLE GAS TURBINES IMPORT FROM ER (SASARAM)` IMPORT FROM WR (VINDHYACHAL BYE PASS)

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