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The Fall of the Roman Empire

The Fall of the Roman Empire. …well, sort of. Roll call of the damned – 1 Corinthians - creation of the “other” - paganism; fornicators (homosexuality ?) - Roman decline - echo of Augustus emphasized Greco-Roman concept of jurisprudence - spirit and letter of the law.

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The Fall of the Roman Empire

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  1. The Fall of the Roman Empire …well, sort of

  2. Roll call of the damned – 1 Corinthians - creation of the “other”- paganism; fornicators (homosexuality ?) - Roman decline - echo of Augustus emphasized Greco-Roman concept of jurisprudence - spirit and letter of the law

  3. Salvation always in peril – the Devil - ZoroastrianismAhura Mazda – singular; all goodevil exists independently - demons n’stuff - problems of perfection

  4. Paul organized early Christianity and made it appealing to a wide array of people... …but it was Roman oppression that gave Christians an added sense of identity through shared hardship

  5. I. Meanwhile, back in Rome… The Good, the Bad, the Flavian

  6. A. Dynasties • Julio-Claudians - Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero 14-69 CE

  7. 2. Flavians 69-96 CE - Vespasian, Titus, Domitian - Equestrian, provincial

  8. 3. The Five Good Emperors 96-180 CE Nerva- on the job training Trajan - eastern expansion (Dacia)- alimenta “welfare”

  9. Hadrian- travelin’ man- Frumentarii Antoninus Marcus Aurelius- Meditations- Commodus, 180

  10. II. Crises of the Third Century For what shall it profit a man, to gain the whole world, and forfeit his own soul?- Mark 8:36

  11. A. Economic instability 1. Disparity 2. Decline in investment capital 3. Environmental factors- disease; pollution; soil erosion

  12. B. Political instability • Challenges from outside Marcommani Sassanids

  13. 2. “Enrich the Army and scorn the rest” - Septimius Severus • 235-284, 17 “Barracks Emperors” • End of the Pax Romana 192 CE

  14. 3. Decline of central control

  15. III. The Empire Restored (temporarily) Diocletian284-305- dominus

  16. A. Origins of serfdom 1. Social reform - tax reform

  17. B. East is East 2. Division / tetrarchy

  18. C. West Germanic Revolution200-400 CE • Battle of Teutoburg Forest, 9 CE “Quinctilius Varus, give me backmy legions!”

  19. 2. “Imperial” Germans - Weregeld - oaths 3. Comitatus Hermann Arminius

  20. 4. Germanic “nations”

  21. D. Diocletian’s Legacy • Byzantine Empire preserves Roman/Western ideals 2. Beginning of serfdom and feudal system 3. Cult of Diocletian (backfired)

  22. III. Imperial Christianity312 A.D. -

  23. A. Constantine r. 312-337 CE • Persecution / conversion • Using one another - church financing - power of the bishops Ambrose of Milan, 390 CE Leo I & Attila the Hun, 450 CE

  24. B. Religion & politics • Donatists- source of priestly power

  25. The Arian Heresy - those darn Greeks - Council of Nicaea 325 CE - Nicene Creed Trinity “All things visible and invisible” Rejection of rationalism

  26. C. Christianity & the Fall of the Roman Empire 1. Augustine of Hippo (354-430) - Response to Donatists and Pelargins - sack of Rome 410 CE

  27. 2. City of God ca. 411 CE city of God (Christianity) endures city of Man (Rome) is falling

  28. * Augustine argues for universal salvation… BUT, must be a member of the Church - would give Roman Church unrivaled power and legitimacy for the next 1000 years Christianity rejects rationalism, humanism in favor of mysticism and ritual

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