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Worldwide Standards for Gb/s WPAN Using the 60 GHz Unlicensed Band

Worldwide Standards for Gb/s WPAN Using the 60 GHz Unlicensed Band. Bruce Bosco. Overview. What is a standard ? What are the types and advantages of various standards organizations (SDOs)? Why is 60 GHz band generating so much interest? What are the SDOs presently looking at this space?

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Worldwide Standards for Gb/s WPAN Using the 60 GHz Unlicensed Band

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  1. Worldwide Standards for Gb/s WPAN Using the 60 GHz Unlicensed Band Bruce Bosco

  2. Overview • What is a standard ? • What are the types and advantages of various standards organizations (SDOs)? • Why is 60 GHz band generating so much interest? • What are the SDOs presently looking at this space? • Why do we care?

  3. Standards: What & Why? • Standard (n): “a pattern or model that is generally accepted” • Standardize (v): “to make things of the same type all have the same basic features” • This discussion: Standard (n): “ A technical specification, usually a formal document specifying uniform criteria” • A means to enable interoperability…

  4. Types of Standards • Open Standard • “Anyone” can participate • Implies reasonable and non-discriminatory royalty fees • Proprietary Standard • Privately held by a single entity • “Private/membership” Standard • Consortium of members. Generally requires a paid membership and usually by invitation • De facto Standard • Informally established and accepted over time • As opposed to De Jure, or by decree • Mandatory Standard • Generally Government mandated

  5. Proprietary Vs. Standardized Solution • Proprietary • First to market • Minimize technological compromise • Often most innovative • Can be very successful (Microsoft, Apple) • Standard • Slow, often messy process • Always some compromise • But alternate sources usually available • Interoperability increased marketing base • Competition lower product cost & more demand • Takes advantage of economies of scale

  6. Producer: Lower profit margin/unit but potentially much larger total profit! Example: 10M units @ $1 net Vs. 10k units @ $100 net Economy of Scale

  7. Motivation for Gb/s Standards • Ever increasing amount of digital data for consumer applications • High definition uncompressed streaming video*** • Interactive gaming • Digital photography • Digital home movies • Data and file transfer***

  8. Common Use cases • Required for proposal evaluation in both 802.15.3c • and ECMA-387

  9. Motivation for Gb/s Standards • Present wired standards/data rates • Wired: de facto standard presently for high data rates • Gigabit Ethernet- 1 Gb/s for consumer, typical interoffice • Firewire/IEEE 1394 - 400 Mb/s to 800 Mb/s (rates up to 3.2 Gb/s defined) • DVI/HDMI – 3.986 Gb/s to 4.5 Gb/s ( 10.2 Gb/s for versions 1.3a and 1.3b) • USB 2.0 (Hi-speed) 480 Mb/s

  10. Motivation for Gb/s Standards • Present deployed wireless WPAN/WLAN standards/data rates • 802.11 b/g/n – • .11n advertises rates up to 300 Mb/s • Note that these are maximum data rates • Sustained rates are usually ½ or less than the max • Recent benchmarking of several commercially available systems indicate maybe ¼ advertised rate is more accurate

  11. Motivation for Gb/s Standards • Expectation from consumer is that wireless maintain a quality of service (QoS) very close to that of wired • Deployed systems requirements • Robust • Easy to set up • Cost effective (cheap)

  12. Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) • What is our working definition of WPAN? • Traditionally, less than 10m in radius from user • More recent definition is that range is not key defining factor: • Focus is inward, towards a single user or isolated ad-hoc network

  13. Why 60 GHz? • Bandwidth, bandwidth, bandwidth… • Unlicensed • 7 GHz US & Japan • 3.5 GHz contiguous spectrum available world wide

  14. Why 60 GHz? • Attenuation due to atmospheric absorption and most other materials

  15. Why 60 GHz? • Relatively high gain antennas required • Limited interference to adjacent link even at same frequency • Spatial and frequency reuse enabled • Multiple users at closely space channels in very near proximity possible • Inherent degree of security • Very difficult to intercept a signal

  16. Why 60 GHz? • Demonstrated multi-gigabit performance • Motorola, IBM, NEC and others have published results showing sustained rates up to at least 3.5 Gb/s for LOS applications • IBM, Sibeam and others have implemented solutions in low cost SiGE and CMOS technologies • Because of the available bandwidth, very low complexity modulation schemes can be implemented for robust operation and high QoS • Example: Motorola demonstrated over 3 Gb/s at low BER at 10m using OOK modulation (2005)

  17. Standards and Alliances for 60 GHz WPAN • IEEE 802.15.3c • ECMA (European Computer Manufacturers Association ) - 387 • 802.11 VHT60/Tgad • WirelessHD • Other SDOs and Alliances

  18. IEEE 802.15.3c • IEEE “Open” SDO • Task Group (TG) formed March 2005 • Define an alternate physical layer (PHY) operating in the new and clear US band including 57 – 64 GHz • At least one mode capable of > 1 Gb/s @ at least 10m • Key players - Motorola - Intel - NICT - IBM - Panasonic - Sibeam - Qualcomm - Samsung - OKI - Phillips

  19. IEEE 802.15.3c • Notable features and accomplishments: • Media access layer (MAC) • 802.15.3 MAC with “enhancements” • Developed for 802.15.3a UWB standard • Enables ad-hoc networks • PHY • Four channels of 2.16 GHz/channel defined • First three for US applications • Common mode is /2 BPSK at 25.3 MHz • Single carrier data rates up to 5.18 Gb/s • Optional single carrier and OFDM modes

  20. IEEE 802.15.3c • Notable features and accomplishments: • Channel Model • Developed comprehensive indoor model based on measured data for line of sight (LOS) model • NLOS model derived from LOS model and verified through selective measurement • Required an large amount of resources and time to complete • Implemented in MATLAB • Recommended for Tgad 60 GHz model

  21. IEEE 802.15.3c • Status: • In Sponsor Ballot (closes today) • Next to final step • Expected release ~ September 2009 Alternate millimeter-wave PHY for 802.15.3 timeline

  22. ECMA-387 • International, private (membership-based) SDO • Key member companies for this standard • Panasonic • Phillips • IBM • Ericsson • Newlans • GEDC (Georgia Electronic Design Center)

  23. ECMA-387 • Notable features: • MAC • Based on ECMA-368 MAC, with changes to support directional communication in 60 GHz • Uses discovery beacon to establish network • Similar to 802.15.3 MAC but appears simpler • PHY • “Homogeneous Networking” - all device PHYs have the same capabilities • On-OFF Keying (OOK) is mandatory for all devices • Type A: SCBT, DBSK, OOK • Type B: DBSK, OOK • Type C: OOK • Other SC and OFDM modes are optional • Very simple compared to 802.15.3c

  24. ECMA-387 • Status • Revision 1 completed and published December 2008 • Approved for JTC-1 “fast-track” procedure for approval by IEC and ISO members • Typically ~ six month process, full approval expected by June/July 2009

  25. IEEE 802.11 VHT60/Tgad • Very high throughput (VHT) group - study options for obtaining higher throughput for .11n • VHT 60 – subgroup for > 1 Gb/s using 60 GHz band • Project Authorization Requirement (PAR) approved January 2009 • First Task Group meeting January 2009

  26. IEEE 802.11 VHT60/Tgad • Notable features: • MAC • May use 802.11n MAC for .11n functions • Could use 802.15.3 MAC for high rate/high frequency – hybrid • Or modified .11n MAC for both • PHY • Dual PHYs - .11n and “.15.3c like” • Not set how it would be implemented • Two main points that differentiate from .15.3c • PHY would automatically and quickly fallback from 60 GHz to 5 or 2.4 GHz 802.11 networks when blockage or other problems occur maintaining quality of service (QOS) • Compatible with existing 802.11 services, access points and base stations as well as its network management features

  27. IEEE 802.11 VHT60/Tgad • Status • Project Authorization Requirement (PAR) approved January 2009 • First Task Group meeting January 2009 • Plan to finalize standard through full approval 2012 • Periodic conference calls with Tgac (VHT6) and 802.15.3c – on coexistence issues

  28. WirelessHD • WirelessHD • Formed in 2006 • Generate next generation specification for consumer targeted A/V applications • Coalition includes: Intel, Broadcom, LG, Panasonic, Sibeam and others • Lots of press, hype, CES “demos” and so on • Specification released January 2008 • First generation production chip set – limited availability and access • Key features: OFDM exclusively, beam steering (low rate PHY only)

  29. Other SDOs and Alliances • NGmS • Next generation millimeter-wave specification • Members: • Broadcom, Intel, others • Details • Possibly will leverage work done in 802.15.3c • May focus primarily on OFDM PHY • Little else know at this time • Bluetooth • Still appears to be some interest in order to obtain high speed (not necessarily large file) data transfers • Others?

  30. Recent Developments • Gefen reportedly to begin producing WirelessHD compliant adapters with first production available Q2 2009. Cost is around $700 per link. (Jan 8, 2009) • IBM announces initial results of new chip with hybrid antenna in a single package. Rates up to five Gb/s at five meters were reported. Technology is based on SiGe HBT. (Jan 23, 2009) • IMEC reports on results for several key blocks of a 60 GHz radio based on 45nm CMOS. Results included a power amplifier with 11 dBm 1 dB compression point – right at the requirements for ~ 10m range .(March 2009)

  31. Why do we care? • OPPORTUNITIES – still early enough to get into the game… • Integrated semiconductor solutions • RF • Baseband • ADC & DAC • Antenna • Packaging • Network architecture • Software • Systems • Consumer products • Enterprise products

  32. Summary • Standards are needed for interoperability and conformance • Various types of standards each address a specific space • 60 GHz band is the front runner for addressing multi-gigabit wireless requirements • Several SDOs are targeting this space • Opportunities to leverage this developing market are emerging presently and could be exploited

  33. Acknowledgments • Steve Rockwell – SKR Consulting LLC • Abby Mathew - Newlans

  34. References • Cambridge Online Dictionary http://dictionary.cambridge.org/ • IEEE 802.15 website http://www.ieee802.org/15/ • ECMA website http://www.ecma-international.org • IEEE 802.11 website http://www.ieee802.org/11/index.shtml • Wireless HD website http://www.wirelesshd.org/ • B. Bosco, S. Franson, R. Emrick, S. Rockwell, J. Holmes, “A 60 GHz Transciever with Multi-Gigabit Data Capability”, RAWCON 2004 • IEEE Publication “15-09/0245R0 Project Timeline” • IEEE Publication “15-06-0369-09-003c Summary Usage Models” • http://www.engadget.com/tag/60ghz/

  35. THANK YOU!

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