ILCT-Derived Flows are Consistent with Induction Eqn’s Normal Component.

1. Directly measured Derived by ILCT ILCT-Derived Flows are Consistent with Induction Eqn’s Normal Component.

2. Can we extend ILCT to LOS data sets? , where • Near disk center, we can approximate BLOS Bz. • Use LCT to get uLCT, with LOSt to calculate uILCT that satisfies induction eqn’s normal component. • To decompose ILCT flow, uILCT , into (vx, vy, vz), we need B at photosphere – but lack measured B! • But we can use B from code – an educated guess for initial condition, then from current time step.

3. The other components can also be specified. Directly measured Derived by ILCT For t=0, use NLFFF extrapolation; for t>0, use code’s current B Calculated by Boundary Code at photosphere, z = 0 above photosphere, z > 0

4. The other components can also be specified. Directly measured Derived by ILCT For t=0, use NLFFF extrapolation; for t>0, use code’s current B Calculated by Boundary Code

5. Extending ILCT to LOS data sets, cont’d: • Long-duration data sets of MDI full-disk magneto- grams exist for most events in SOHO era! • Initial B(x,y,z) can be given by combination of global PFSS model + local NLFFF consistent with • X-ray/EUV observations. • In principle, can run data-driven simulations of almost all events in SOHO era!

6. Induction Equation’s Components

7. Demoulin & Berger (Sol. Phys. 2003): Effect of vertical motion on apparent horizontal motion U: • Apparent horizontal motion can be either true horizontal motion, or vertical motion of a tilted field geometry.