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Technology Component: Computer Hardware – Part 2 Basic Components

Technology Component: Computer Hardware – Part 2 Basic Components. Dr. V.T. Raja Oregon State University. Basic Components of Hardware. Input Devices Processor/Central Processor/Chip CPU/ALU Primary Storage Secondary Storage Output Devices

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Technology Component: Computer Hardware – Part 2 Basic Components

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  1. Technology Component: Computer Hardware – Part 2 Basic Components Dr. V.T. Raja Oregon State University

  2. Basic Components of Hardware • Input Devices • Processor/Central Processor/Chip • CPU/ALU • Primary Storage • Secondary Storage • Output Devices • Communication Devices (to be discussed later in another chapter)

  3. Processor • Processor (Chip) has CPU and Primary Memory • CPU does all the processing work in a computer • Primary memory stores data and instructions Instruction: A command that tells a computer how to accomplish a given task • CPU has Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and Control Unit • Control Unit accesses data and instructions from Primary Memory, and transfers them to ALU • ALU performs basic arithmetic and logical operations

  4. ROM PROM EPROM RAM SIMM DIMM SDRAM RDRAM ROM stores some basic instructions permanently ROM is non-volatile RAM acts as a temporary storage for data and instructions RAM is volatile RAM size commonly expressed in MB or GB e.g,. 256 MB RAM; 2 GB RAM Types of Primary Memory: ROM and RAM

  5. Types of Primary Memory: Cache Memory • Cache memory is a temporary storage for frequently used information • CPU searches cache memory for data and instructions before it searches RAM • Cache is typically located closer to CPU than RAM • Bigger the cache, the faster the computer will perform (assuming all other factors are constant) • Cache is volatile

  6. Terminology • What is clock speed? • Speed at which the processor completes machine cycles • Measured in Megahertz (MHz) or Gigahertz (GHz) • Mega: Million; Giga: Billion • Hence, terminologies such as Pentium 4 / 3.2 GHz • What is word length? • Number of bits that the processor processes at one time. • Example: 16-bit, 32-bit, 64-bit chips

  7. Terminology • What is data bus width? • The number of bits that can be moved at one time between the CPU, primary memory and other devices of a computer. • Which would you select? A 16-bit chip with a 16-bit data bus width (or) a 32-bit chip with a 8-bit data bus width? • Factors affecting speed of a computer are: • Clock Speed • Word Length • Bus Width

  8. Input Devices • Examples of input devices? • What is Source Data Automation (SDA)? • Examples of SDA? • What are some advantages associated with SDA?

  9. Storage Devices • Examples of secondary storage? • Typical storage capacity of secondary storage devices

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