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The Civil War: 1861 - 1865. Unit 7: The American Civil War and Reconstruction APUSH Mrs. Baker. Comparing the Two Sides. Identify the advantages and disadvantages of the North and the South. Population: 1861. Overall Population: North = 20, 700, 000 South = 9,105,000 Blacks = 3,600,000
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The Civil War:1861 - 1865 Unit 7: The American Civil War and Reconstruction APUSH Mrs. Baker
Comparing the Two Sides Identify the advantages and disadvantages of the North and the South.
Population: 1861 • Overall Population: • North = 20, 700, 000 • South = 9,105,000 • Blacks = 3,600,000 • Not eligible to fight in the South
Economy • North had huge advantage in industrial production • North -- 110,000 manufacturing establishments with 1,300,000 workers • South -- 18,000 establishments with 110,000 workers • North had big advantage in textile, coal, and iron production • North equaled or bettered the South in all areas of agricultural production except cotton • Including draft animals, livestock (pigs, cows, and poultry), wheat, and corn • North could produce 32 times the number of firearms as the South • South had only one factory capable of producing heavy artillery
Government:The Confederacy • Favored States’ rights over a centralized government. • Modeled after U.S. Constitution but… • Non-successive 6 yr. term • Congress could not levy protective tariff and appropriate funds for internal improvements. President Jefferson Davis Vice President Alexander H. Stephens
Government: The Union • Well-established central government. • Strong political leadership • Abraham Lincoln - President
Military • North - Union • Regular Army already established • Many will leave to join South • U.S. Navy • South - Confederates • Strong military tradition • A number of small military institutes • Fighting a defensive war
Military Leadership • West Point connection • Most high ranking officers in both armies were trained at West Point • Most men trained using a translation of Napoleonic strategy and tactics • Mexican War as training ground • Many of the young officers gained practical training during the Mexican war, serving under General Winfield Scott • Lee, McClellan, Jackson, and Grant all served • Developed a sense that bold frontal assaults could succeed if used against an enemy whose morale was weakened
How Long Will the War Last? • Neither side thought war would last long • A Confederate congressman claimed he would drink the blood of all who fell in combat • Northern newspaper editor claimed the amount of blood shed could be held in a cup • Most states, when mustering troops, called for volunteers for 90 days, 6 months, or a year • Only a few states took precautions to call up volunteers for 3 years or the end of the war (whichever came first) • A few leaders argued the war would be long and hard
Why Does the South Think They Will Win? American Revolution
Abraham Lincoln’s Goal Preserve the Union
Union Strategy: The “Anaconda” Plan General-in-Chief: Winfield Scott Three part strategy: U.S. navy to blockade southern ports Divide the Confederacy in two by taking control of the Mississippi River Raise and train an army 500,000 strong to take Richmond
1861 1862 1863 1864 1865
Beliefs Military Changes • North • Panic in the capital • Hardening of will to fight • Recruiting of three year volunteers swells • South • Reactions in Richmond seem like war is over • People see victory as God's will--sermon on parting of Red Sea by Presbyterian ministers across the South on July 21 • McClellan takes command and creates the Army of the Potomac • McClellan • Served with distinction in Mexico, studied military methods in Europe, railroad experience • Hero of the West Virginia campaigns • Army dispirited • McClellan begins to whip force of 120,000 men into shape and calls his army the Army of the Potomac (naming of the armies) • McClellan agrees with press reports that he is man to save the country • Confederates fortify position at Centreville Reaction to 1st Bull Run
Battle of Antietam:(September 17, 1862) Bloodiest Day of the War 23,000 causalities
Identify the significance of the Battle of Antietam. How does it challenge the purpose of the war?
The End of Slavery • Lincoln’s concerns: • Keeping the support of the border states • Constitutional protection of slavery • Prejudices of many northerners • Fear that premature action could be overturned in the next election. • 1st Step = Confiscation Acts • August 1861 – Power to seize enemy property used to wage war against the U.S. • July 1862 – Freed the slaves of persons engaged in rebellion against the U.S. • Empowered the president to use freed slaves in the Union army in any capacity
The Emancipation Proclamation What is the purpose of the Proclamation?
Emancipation in 1863 Consequences
TURNING POINTS How did the victories at Vicksburg and Gettysburg change the outcome of the Civil War?
Gettysburg, (July 1863) Significance?
Grant in Command • Grant's attempt at a coordinated strategy • Grant sought to deliver an all out attack on the Confederacy • Attack on all fronts, to prevent one part of Confederacy from reinforcing another • Plans for attack • East • Army of the Potomac--follow Lee • Sigel--Move from WVA to Shenandoah Valley • Butler--Move from Fortress Monroe with 30,000 men to threaten Richmond from the south and cut the capital's supply lines • West • Sherman--Go after Joe Johnston Army of Tennessee • Banks--move east from New Orleans, take Mobile and then go through Alabama
Impact of the War on Civilian Life What are the overall economic, political and social impacts of the Civil War on the North and South?
Women Emancipation and Freedom Social Change
Civil Liberties The Draft • Suspension of writ of habeas corpus in Maryland and other states with Confederate sentiment. • People could be arrested without being informed of the charges against them. North Initiates the Draft, 1863 Political Change
