Unit #6 – Vocab & Study Guide

5. Unit #6 – Vocab & Study Guide • Steel Industry – An industry that grew to support railroads. (SSUSH11a) • Transcontinental Railroad – Connected the West Coast to the rest of the nation. (SSUSH11a) • Impact of railroads on the West: (1) Connected the West Coast to the rest of the nation (2) transported settlers west and goods back east (3) railroad companies sold land for farming. (SSUSH11a) • John D. Rockefeller: He created a monopoly and the trust and was criticized as a robber baron while serving as head of the Standard Oil Company. (SSUSH11c)

6. Unit #6 – Vocab & Study Guide • Standard Oil Company: Founded by John D. Rockefeller; became a monopoly. (SSUSH11c) • Trust – A corporation made up of many companies that receive certificates entitling them to dividends on profits earned. (SSUSH11c) • Monopoly: A market in which one company has complete control over an industry’s production, quality, wages paid, and prices charged. (SSUSH11c) • Thomas Edison: Inventor; light bulb, motion pictures and phonograph. (SSUSH11d)

7. Unit #6 – Vocab & Study Guide • Ellis Island: New York harbor; Statue of Liberty; location where 19th century eastern European immigrants most likely to pass before gaining entry into the United States? (SSUSH12a) • Immigration: Those immigrants coming to America tended to live together in ghettos, along with other immigrants with whom they shared the same language and cultural background. • American Federation of Labor (AFL): Organization stared by Samuel Gompers that focused on collective bargaining and used strikes as a major tactic. (SSUSH12b)

8. Unit #6 Vocab & Study Guide • Samuel Gompers: Leader/founder of the American Federation of Labor. (SSUSH12b) • Sitting Bull: Native American Sioux Chief; never signed the Treaty of Fort Laramie. He defeated the US Army at the Little Bighorn; encouraged the Ghost Dance movement, and was eventually killed during an attempt by reservation police to arrest him. (SSUSH12c) • Wounded Knee:called a massacre; marked the end of the wars between the federal government and the Plains Indians. (SSUSH12c)

9. Unit #6 – Vocab & Study Guide • Pullman Strike: Example of industrial unrest among factory & railroad workers concerning hours, pay and benefits. (SSUSH12d) • The Jungle: Written by Upton Sinclair; Pres. Teddy Roosevelt responded to this book by appointing a commission to investigate the meatpacking industry. (SSUSH13a) • Progressive Era: Period of time when many reforms in society were made by the government. (SSUSH11a)

10. Unit #6 – Vocab & Study Guide • Jane Addams: Early 20th century reformer opened Hull House as a settlement house to help the poor and immigrants. (SSUSH13b) • Hull House: Settlement house to help immigrants settle into the big cities and the U.S. Started by Jane Addams. (SSUSH13b) • Jim Crow Laws: Laws adopted by some southern states to enforce legal segregation. (SSUSH13c)

11. Unit #6 – Vocab & Study Guide • Plessy v Ferguson: The Supreme Court decision ruled that separation of races in public accommodations was legal and did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment. It established the principle of “separate but equal” (SSUSH13c) • NAACP: Primary goal was to achieve equality among the races. (SSUSH13c) • Ida Tarbell: A muckraker who wrote about John D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Company and the problems with big businesses becoming monopolies. (SSUSH13d)

12. Unit #6 – Vocab & Study Guide • Initiative: This is a process in which citizen put proposed new law directly on the ballot. (SSUSH13e) • Referendum: A process that allows citizens to approve or reject a law passed by a legislature (voting on an initiative). (SSUSH13e) • Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 - Decreased greatly or stop the flow of all Chinese immigrants into the US.

13. Unit #6 – Vocab & Study Guide • Recall: Enabled voters to remove public officials from elected positions by forcing them to face an election before the end of their term if enough voters requested it. (SSUSH13e) • Muckraker: Journalists and authors who uncovered corruption in big business. Upton Sinclair, Ida Tarbell and Jane Addams. (SSUSH13) • 17th Amendment: Progressive reform that enabled voters to directly elect senators. (SSUSH13e)