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The Role of Group-Specific and Universal Immigrant Service Organizations in Terms of Bonding and Bridging Social Capital. Ida E. Berger Agnes G. Meinhard Mary K. Foster.
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The Role of Group-Specific and Universal Immigrant Service Organizationsin Terms of Bonding and Bridging Social Capital Ida E. Berger Agnes G. Meinhard Mary K. Foster
Progressive journey from settlement (language, employment, housing) to civic participation (voting, political engagement, volunteering). • Practicing own ethnicity within the context of a heterogeneous, multicultural, pluralistic society that values equality, human dignity.
Primary settlement service centred. Providing a formula based bridge to settlement in Canada • Whole person centred. Providing ethnically customized bridges to belonging to Canada
Broad-based, multi-cultural clearing-house of immigration services • Ethno / Culturally sensitive space and place of arrival, entree and community
‘Special’ or targeted population based programs as needed.Smaller agencies in need of capacity building support. • At risk ethnically identifiedSeniors / Youth / Women.
Entree of individuals to the mainstream through formal pathways of economically bridged-bonding. Bridged immigration based social bonding • Mediated entree to the mainstream through with communal participation in the mainstream through collective bridging
Promoting acquisition of language, employment and housing • Promoting mental health, and reducing isolation, violence, abuse, identity confusion. • Communal celebrations and events