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Ion Size. By: Cristina, Soumik, Robert, Pawel. -Radius of an atom’s ion -Distance from nucleus to outermost subshell - Not fixed ( can change based on various factors such as coordination number and spin state). Define. -The radius increases. More electrons Higher energy levels
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Ion Size By: Cristina, Soumik, Robert, Pawel
-Radius of an atom’s ion -Distance from nucleus to outermost subshell -Not fixed (can change based on various factors such as coordination number and spin state) Define
-The radius increases • More electrons • Higher energy levels • Electron-electron repulsion leads to bigger shells as energy levels increase *For elements forming multiple ions, ionic radius decreases with each electron lost • Electron-electron repulsion decreases -> stronger effective nuclear charge Trend Down a Column
More protons in nucleus across period • Same number of electrons (isoelectric) • Stronger effective nuclear charge • Electrons are attracted to nucleus more “Jump” in middle of period • From elements forming cations to elements forming anions • New subshell added, so radius increased Radius decreases for metals forming cations • Due to loss of outer electron orbitals moving across the period Radius decreases for elements forming anions • Effective nuclear charge decreases because number electrons exceed number of protons Trend Across a Row
Atomic size of cations is larger than ionic size of cations Atomic size of anions is smaller than ionic size of anions • Atoms lose a subshell of electrons when forming cations and become smaller • Atoms gain electrons when forming anions and experience more electron-electron repulsion, making the shell bigger Atomic Size vs. Ionic Size
Noble Gases Exceptions