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Red Sea/Dead Sea Hydro Power Project

Red Sea/Dead Sea Hydro Power Project. By: Jason Brown Deepika Sagi TA: Marty Cantzler Professor Gary Swenson. Introduction . Design Options. Design Choice. Analysis. Demo . Conclusion. Red Sea & Dead Sea. Introduction . Design Options. Design Choice. Analysis. Demo . Conclusion.

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Red Sea/Dead Sea Hydro Power Project

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  1. Red Sea/Dead Sea Hydro Power Project By: Jason Brown Deepika Sagi TA: Marty Cantzler Professor Gary Swenson Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  2. Red Sea & Dead Sea Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  3. Decline of the Dead Sea The water level dropped nearly 10 meters over a 13 year period Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  4. Energy Problem Electricity production in the region is struggling to keep up with demand Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  5. Overview • Design options • Design choices • Analysis • Demo • Conclusion Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  6. Design Options • Ongoing Projects: • Red Sea/Dead Sea Peace Conduit • Ezekiel’s Project • Combination of the two Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  7. Red Sea/Dead Sea Peace Conduit Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  8. Red Sea/Dead Sea Peace Conduit • 180 km from the Gulf of Eilat to the Dead Sea • Much longer distance • Combination of pipelines and canals • Cheaper than only pipelines Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  9. Ezekiel’s Project Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  10. Ezekiel’s Project • 72 km from Palmahim to the Dead Sea • Shorter distance • Uses primarily pipelines • Very expensive Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  11. Combination of the two • 72 km from Palmahim to the Dead Sea • Tunnels with pipelines are necessary due to the topography of the region Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  12. Design Options • Generation type: • Standard Hydro Generation • Stored Water • Pumped Storage Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  13. Standard Hydro Generation Water gets transported from the Red Sea to the Dead Sea through use of a standard conduit with water passing over the blades of the turbine. Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  14. Stored Water Use multiple turbines/generators to produce the demanded amount of electricity. Basically, some of the turbines/generators will be shut off at periods of low demand. Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  15. Pumped Storage The water is pumped to a high potential energy when energy consumption is low (at night), and then passed through the generators when energy consumption is high (during the day). Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  16. Possible Turbines • Geothermal Turbine • Pelton Wheel • Francis Turbine • Kaplan Turbine Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  17. Design Choice: • Project type: Combination of the two • Use of tunnels and pipelines. • Generating type: Pumped Storage • Use of pumps to store water during off-peak hours and then use stored water during peak hours. Tunnel Pipeline Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  18. Turbine • Pelton Wheel- is suitable for high head (above 400 meters) applications. Operates when one or more jets of water under extremely high pressure are squirted from nozzles onto buckets on the edge of a circular wheel. Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  19. Analysis Flow Rate Power Potential Cost Analysis Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  20. Historic Flow Rates of the Jordan River • 1930’s -1300 mcm/year • 1953- 640 mcm/year • 2000- 300 mcm/year Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  21. Equilibrium Power • P(kW) = Flow Rate (m3/s) * Head (m) * g (m/s2) *1.03 (Salt Water Conversion) • P(MW) = Flow Rate (m3/s) * Head (m) * g (m/s2) *1.03 / 1000 (kW/MW) = 41.22 * 400 * 9.81 *1.03 / 1000 P(MW) = 166.6 MW • For a system with 85% efficiency: • P(MW) = 166.6 MW * .85 = 141.6 MW Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  22. Refilling the Dead Sea 1050 km2 30m 700 km2 Volumerect = 1050*106 * 30 = 3.15*1010 m3 Volumetri = (1/2)(1050 - 700)2 *106 *30 = 5.25 *109 m3 Volumefill = 3.15 *1010 - 2(5.25 *109 m3 ) = 21 billion cubic meters Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  23. Refill Flow Rate • 21 BCM to refill to 1930s level • Refill at five times Jordan River flow rate (1930) • 5 * 1.3 BCM/year = 6.5 BCM/year = 206.11 m3/sec • 3.23 years to refill the Dead Sea to 1930 level Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  24. Refill Energy Calculations • P(MW) = Flow Rate (m3/s) * Head (m) * g (m/s2) * eff. * 1.03 / 1000 (kW/MW) = 206.11 * 400 * 9.81 * 0.85 * 1.03 / 1000 P(MW) = 708 MW • Yearly Revenue = 708*103 KW * 8760 hr/year * Price of Electricity ($/KWhr) • Israel = $403 million @ 6.5 cents per kilowatthour • Jordan = $434 million @ 7 cents per kilowatthour *Note: Electricity prices based on residential prices Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  25. Pipeline Sizing • Area (m2) = Flow Rate (m3/s)/Velocity (m/s) • Assume minimum velocity of 10 mph = 4.47 m/s • Areamax = 206.11 / 4.47 • Areamax = 46.1 m2 • Diametermax = 7.66 m • Conservative diameter of 10 m Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  26. Construction Costs • $8 million: Estimated Design Cost • $3 million: Estimated Labor Cost • $20,100/meter: Tunneling & Concrete Tunnel • Based on a design with 10 m diameter • $3888/meter: Pipeline • $8333/meter: Canals • 36 km of tunnels and 36 km of pipeline • Total Cost: $874,568,000 Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  27. Summary of Cost • Construction Cost: $874,568,000 • Revenue in Israel: $403,000,000 • Revenue in Jordan: $434,000,000 • Less than 3 years to recover construction costs Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  28. Our Demo • Turbine • Pelton Wheel • Water Storage • Power Generation • Geared Motor Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  29. Pelton Wheel Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  30. Power Generated • Geared Motor • 65.5 step down ratio Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  31. Water Storage • “Red Sea” • “Dead Sea” Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  32. Theoretical Power P(kW) = flow rate * head * gravity P(kW) = .0105 * .9664 * 9.81 P(kW) = 0.0995 KW P = 99.5 W Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  33. Trial # Trial # Voltage (Volts) Voltage (Volts) 1 1 4.5 6.4 2 2 6.0 6.3 3 3 5.5 6.3 4 4 5.4 6.6 5 5 5.5 6.3 6 6 5.5 6.5 7 7 5.6 6.4 8 8 5.6 6.4 9 9 5.5 6.5 10 10 5.3 6.5 Demo Results Water hitting top of the Wheel Water hitting the side of the Wheel Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  34. Efficiency Calculations Water hitting top of the Wheel Water hitting the side of the Wheel R = 0.83 ohms V = 5.5 Volts P(W) = V2/R P(W) = (5.5)2 / (0.83) P = 36.45 Watts Efficiency = 36.45 / 99.5 = 36.6 % R = 0.83 ohms V = 6.4 Volts P(W) = V2/R P = (6.4)2 / 0.83 P = 49.35 Watts Efficiency = 49.35 / 99.5 = 49.6% The optimal amount of power is generated when the water hits the side of the Wheel Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  35. Overview of Solution Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  36. Benefits Hydroelectric Power • Economically efficient. • Potent source of irrigation. • Environmentally friendly. • Rejuvenation of the Dead Sea. • Solves political issue over water use Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  37. Demo Costs LABOR Number of team members - 2 Dream Salary - $50 per hour Hours per week - 8 Number of Weeks - 13 Total cost of Labor - 2 * ( $50 / hour * 104 hours * 2.5 ) = $26,000.00 PARTS Tubing - $19.70 Trash Can - $8.87 Motor - ? Bicycle Wheel - $0 Total - $28.57 TOTAL COST - $26,028.57 Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  38. Why we chose this project? • Severity of the problem • Spans many fields of Engineering • Has “Real World” application • Power application Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  39. Acknowledgements • Scott McDonald- Machine Shop • Marty Cantzler- Our Favorite TA • Professor Swenson- Course Director • Professor Krein- Electrical Engineering • Professor Ragheb- Nuclear Engineering Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  40. References • http://64.233.167.104/search?q=cache:0JIJ5po51z4J:www.mni.gov.il/english/units/Energy/TheElectricityEconomy.shtml+%22The+average+price+for+electricity+in+1999+was+0.285+Israeli+Shekels/kWh%22&hl=en for israel electricity • http://64.233.167.104/search?q=cache:myvFRfL5uRMJ:www.jordaninvestment.com/6c.htm+electricity+costs+in+jordan&hl=en for Jordan electricity • http://www.xe.net/cgi-bin/convert.new conversion • http://64.233.167.104/search?q=cache:ZMArF6wozKEJ:exact-me.org/overview/p4144.htm+dead+sea+volume&hl=en for surface area.. Good graphs Introduction Design Options Design Choice Analysis Demo Conclusion

  41. References • http://home.clear.net.nz/pages/coote/pelton.html for pelton wheel • http://www.hydro.com.au/education/electricity/waterturbines.html for possible hydro power pictures • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_Sea • http://www.american.edu/ted/ice/jordan.htm • http://64.233.167.104/search?q=cache:uv4Oxf05qXAJ:www.jordanembassyus.org/07192002001.htm+cost+of+canals+water+red+sea+dead+sea&hl=en for cost calculations on Pipeline and Canals

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