Unit 3: a growing nation

1. Table of Contents English III American Literature Unit 3: a growing nation 19th Century Literature (1800-1870)

2. Table of Contents Alexis De Tocqueville Unit 3 Timeline Unit 3 Objectives Unit 3 Authors Unit 3 Reading List Poetry Slam Ghost Stories & Urban Legend

3. Alexis de Tocqueville “America is a land of wonders, in which everything is in constant motion and every change seems an improvement….No natural boundary seems to be set to the efforts of man; and in his eyes what is not yet done is only what he has not yet attempted to do.”

4. Unit 3 Objectives: • Make inferences, predicting, and drawing conclusions based on text. • Make cultural connections between works, self, and related topics • Analyze characteristics of literary genres in the U.S. and how the selection of genre shapes meaning • Evaluate the literary merit and historical significance of American works. • Decode vocabulary using knowledge of bases and affixes. AFTER THIS UNIT YOU WILL BE ABLE TO:

5. Unit 3 Reading List

6. Unit 3 TimelinePlace in your NOTES section of NOTEBOOK • 1803 • Louisiana Purchase extends nation’s territory to the Rocky Mountains • 1804 • Lewis & Clark begin their expedition of the West • 1812 • US declares war on Great Brittain “War of 1812” • 1814 • Francis Scott Key writes “The Star-Spangled Banner.”

7. Unit 3 TimelinePlace in your NOTES section of NOTEBOOK • 1825 • Completion and success of Erie Canal spurs canal building thru the nation • 1829 • 1st Steam Locomotive • 1838 • U.S. Army marches Cherokees on “Trail of Tears” to Oklahoma • 1848 • California Gold Rush begins Table of Contents

8. Unit 3 Timeline Place in NOTES section of NOTEBOOK • 1848 • Women’s Rights Convention held for voting rights • Sojourner Truth speaks at this convention. “Ain’t I a woman?” • 1850 • California admitted to the Union • 1852 • Harriet Beecher Stowe publishes Uncle Tom’s Cabin • 1st Anti-Slavery Novel written by white male. Table of Contents

9. American Literature Grows Up.. Romanticism • Dominated during 19th Cent. • Not really about “L-O-V-E.” • Imagination over Reason • Intuition over Fact • Valued American intellectual independence from Europe • Held to the belief American should create their culture; not copy from the Europeans • Truth lies in the “Over-Soul” • All should have access to divine inspiration and knowledge • Valued women and slaves Transcendentalism New England Renaissance Table of Contents

10. Unit 3 Authors Washington Irving Emily Dickinson Edgar Allan Poe Nathaniel Hawthorne Herman Melville Emerson Walt Whitman Mayo Angelou Robert Frost Nikki Giovanni Langston Hughes

11. Washington Irving • 1783-1859 • Born into wealth; was going to be a lawyer; • Traveled across America & Europe publishing & reading • Used the pseudonym Diedrich Knickerbocker to publish early works • Took well-known European tales & turned them into American classics • Rip Van Winkle • The Legend of Sleepy Hollow • Did not die broke

12. Irving & Poe – The 1st Gothic Writers • Gothic fiction: genre of literature that combines both horror and romance. • The Gothic style is characterized by the following elements: • The story is set in bleak or remote places • The plot involves macabre or violent incidents. • Characters are in psychological and/or physical torment. • A supernatural or otherworldly element is often present. Table of Contents

13. Irving and Poe: The masters of the characters… Table of Contents • Omniscient Point of View • All-knowing narrator tells the events of the story • Have the following 3 characteristics: • Narrator stands OUTSIDE the action • Details about the thoughts and feelings of characters • Narrator’s commentary about the events of the story. • Inferring Cultural Attitudes • Irving suggests several attitudes or prejudices through details, narrator’s comments, and dialogue. • Its up to you to figure out what he did. • Characterization • Direct: the narrator tells the reader what the character is like. • Indirect: personality traits are revealed through the words, thoughts, and actions.

14. The Devil and Tom Walker • We all know people who are obsessed with making money. Would you do anything to have all of the money in the world? • The characters in this story make bargains – with themselves and with others. • Something is offered and something is expected in return • What would YOU do to be able to have all the money in the world? . Table of Contents

15. The Legend of Sleepy Hollow: The Headless Horseman’s Tale Table of Contents

16. Edgar Allan Poe • 1809-1849 • Celebrated and Hated • Deadbeat father; mother died at an early age • Addicted to gambling • The Originator – The Original Stephen King • Short Story • Detective Story • Psychological Theater Back to the Authors

17. The Fall of the House of Usher • The narrator (unnamed) visits his childhood friend, Roderick Usher, who is deathly ill. • Roderick’s twin sister has just died and buries sister, with the help of our narrator in the mansion’s basement. • Both begin to hear strange noises • Roderick says that sister might have been alive when they buried her. • Sister escapes coffin; scares Roderick to death and dies • Narrator flees house scared to DEATH. Back to the Authors

18. The Fall of the House of Usher • LITERARY ANALYSIS • The Single Effect: A story that achieves a certain unique or SINGLE EFFECT • Every character, action, word, incident, and detail should be about that Single Effect. • Questions to ask yourself as you read? • Is seeing believing or believing seeing? • How does the changes in the house as the story progress add to the story’s overall effect? Back to the Authors

19. 2008 Grimsley High School Student Movie TOC This was the intro to their 10:00 min movie. Can yours be this good?

20. TOC The House of Usher - 1960 Will the opening sequence match Poe’s words?

21. Walt Whitman • 1819-1892 • Loved and hated by critics and readers • Fired because he opposed slavery • Inspired of Emerson • Defined a poet as: • “The proof of a poet is that his country absorbs him as affectionately as he absorbed it. “ Back to the Authors

22. Walt’s Barbaric Yawp Back to the Authors

23. Robert Frost • 1874-1963 • Held several jobs in his lifetime • Frost’s fame came later in life • Very down-to-earth poet • Terrified of public speaking • Participated in the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy • Considered the “unofficial” poet laureate of the U.S. Back to the Authors Table ofContents

24. Robert Frost – Fire and Ice Some say the world will end in fire; Some say in ice. From what I've tasted of desire I hold with those who favor fire. But if it had to perish twice, I think I know enough of hate To know that for destruction ice Is also great And would suffice. Back to the Authors

25. Langston Hughes • 1902-1967 • Named class poet of his 8th grade class • Influenced by Carl Sandberg and Walt Whitman • Hughes was a key contributor in the Harlem Renaissance • Uses blues & jazz to give life to his poetry • Known as the “Poet Laureate of the Negro Race.” Back to the Authors

26. Langston Hughes – I Dream a World I dream a world where man No other man will scorn, Where love will bless the earth And peace its paths adorn. I dream a world where all Will know sweet freedom's way, Where greed no longer saps the soul Nor avarice blights our day. A world I dream where black or white, Whatever race you be, Will share the bounties of the earth And every man is free, Where wretchedness will hang its head And joy, like a pearl, Attends the needs of all mankind-- Of such I dream, my world! Back to the Authors

27. Nathaniel Hawthorne pg. 338 1840-1864 The “Anti-Transcendentalist” or The “Pessimist.” The master of Symbolism and Allegory Believed that evil was the dominant force in the world, not nature. One of Hawthorne’s ancestors played a key role in the Salem witchcraft Trials. Wrote “The Crucible” Critical acclaim coupled with monetary failure Back to the Authors

28. The Minister’s Black Veil • A secret when kept too long can take on mysterious significance. • If unrevealed, it can cause people to fill in the missing story and draw their own conclusions. • In The Minister’s Black Veil, a Puritan Parson keeps a secret from an entire village for his entire life. • A PARABLE is a simple, brief story that teaches a moral lesson. • A Parable is a type of allegory (both literal and symbolic meaning. Back to the Authors

29. Emily Dickinson • 1830-1886 • Wrote 1,775 poems only 7 published BEFORE her death • Shy woman – often wrote anonymously • Active childhood – became a recluse as an adult • In 1874 after her father’s death, she seldom left her house for ten years • In her will, requested that her poems be destroyed Back to the Authors

30. Emily Dickinson • Literary Analysis • Exact Rhyme: 2 words have identical sounds in their final accented syllabus • Slant Rhyme: Final sounds are similar but NOT identical. Back to the Authors

31. Transcendentalism…..hard to define • Not essentially a religious movement. • It was a philosophical movement with religious overtones. • The definition of transcendentalism is: • The fundamental truth lies OUTSIDE the experiences of the senses. • They reside in the “OVER-SOUL (a universal and benign Omnipresence) • Only the NATURAL world (Nature) can teach you how to see the OVER-SOUL. • Unlike the strict and severe Puritan laws, Transcendentalism offered optimism and tolerance Table of Contents

32. Ralph Waldo Emerson Back to the Authors

33. Welcome to Poetry Jam • What is Poetry? • Carefully chosen words that express a great depth of meaning. • Poetry uses specific devices like connotation, sound, and rhythm to express the combination of meaning and emotion • Types of Poetry • Narrative • Dramatic • Lyric Table of Contents

34. Types of Poetry Tells a Story Uses drama for 1 or more characters Thoughts of 1 – A sonnet, ode, or haiku Table of Contents

35. Elements of Poetry • Groups of poetic lines are called stanzas. • Imagery • Language that uses images • Words or phrases that appeal to one or more of the senses Table of Contents

36. Table of Contents Sound Devices areelements that enhance a poem’s meaning by adding musical quality to the languages. Rhyme – Repetition of sounds at the end of the words Alliteration : Repetition of INITIAL consonant sounds Whose woods these are I think I know. His house is in the village though Moo Achoo Belch Don't delay dawns disarming display I couldn’t be right after your . nightmare. there Onomatopoeia – words that sound like what it means. Consonance: Repetition of FINAL consonant sounds

37. You Move Me – Gina Loring Table of Contents

38. Dear Father by J.Ivy Table of Contents

39. Introducing Jay-Fizzle Table of Contents

40. Elements of Poetry • Figure of Speech • Simile – compares two unlike things with like or as • “I wandered LONELY as a CLOUD.” • Metaphor – Compares two unlike things without using like or as • “Life is a broken-winged bird.” • Personification – Gives human traits to something nonhuman • “Let the RAIN SING you a lullaby.” • Oxymoron – Combines two contradictory words; • “Wise fool.” • Figurative Language • Language used imaginatively instead of literally and includes one or more figure of speech Table of Contents

41. Mayo Angelou • Born April 4, 1928 • Called “America’s most visible black female autobiographer.” Wrote 6 (SIX) Autobiography • Most famous work – I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings • Victim & conqueror of child molestation • Recited her poem “On the Pulse of Morning” at Clinton Inauguration Table of Contents

42. Phenomenal Woman Table of Contents

43. Nikki Giovanni • Born in Knoxville, Tn on June 7, 1943 • Attended Rutgers University • Has a tattoo honoring Tupac Shakur that says “Thug Life” • Spoke to the Virginia Tech student body after the Virginia Tech massacre • “We know we did nothing to deserve it. But neither does a child in Africa dying of AIDS. Neither do the invisible children walking the night away to avoid being captured by a rogue army. Neither does the baby elephant watching his community being devastated for ivory. Neither does the Mexican child looking for fresh water...We are Virginia Tech...We will prevail” Table of Contents

44. Love is • Some people forget that love is tucking you in and kissing you "Good night" no matter how young or old you are Some people don't remember that love is listening and laughing and asking questions no matter what your age Few recognize that love is commitment, responsibility no fun at all unless Love is You and me Table of Contents

45. A Summer Love Poem Clouds float by on a summer sky I hop scotch over to you Rainbows arch from ground to gold I climb over to you Thunder grumbles, lightning tumbles And I bounce over to you Sun beams back and catches me Smiling over at you Table of Contents

46. A Summer Love Poem By Us Now, take 5 minutes & write a 5th (FIFTH) Stanza to A Summer Love Poem. Table of Contents

47. Langston Hughes – A Raisin in the Sun Table of Contents What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? Or does it explode? Or fester like a sore-- And then run? Maybe it just sags like a heavy load. Does it stink like rotten meat? Or crust and sugar over-- like a syrupy sweet?

48. Nikki Giovanni – Def Poetry Jam Table of Contents

49. Nikki Giovanni – Def Poetry Jam Table of Contents

50. Ego-Trippin Table of Contents