Stroke

1. The Burden of Cardiovascular Disease in TEXAS Current Toll on Texas TODAY  Weihua Li, MD, MPH, MS, Jane Osmond, MPH, RRT, Cardiovascular Health & Wellness Program; Tracy Haywood, Strategic Preparedness Branch, Texas Department of State Health Services Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to any of the disorders that affect the circulatory system, including coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure and stroke. One in three American adults, or an estimated 80.7 million people, has one or more types of cardiovascular disease. In 2007, about 1.5 million Texas adults had been diagnosed with CVD or stroke. The American Heart Association has estimated the direct and indirect cost of CVD in the US for 2008 will be $448.5 billion. Stroke The overall age-adjusted mortality rate (AAMR) for stroke in Texas declined from 66.3 per 100,000 in 1999 to 52.1 per 100,000 in 2005. The decrease was statistically significant. Females have significantly higher risk of dying from stroke than males. Among the race/ethnicity groups, African Americans have significantly higher stroke mortality rates compared to Whites, Hispanics and other races. AAMR for Whites showed a significant decrease from a high of 65.7 per 100,000 in 2001 to 50.7 per 100,000 in 2005. A. Prevalence 5 Year Average Age-Adjusted Mortality Rates for Stroke, Texas, 2001—2005 Prevalence of Heart Disease by Gender & Race, Adults 18+— Texas 2007 Prevalence of Stroke by Gender & Race, Adults 18+— Texas 2007 Age-Adjusted Mortality Rate Per 100,000 Average State Rate 58.8 (58.3-59.4) Per 100,000 Data Source: Texas Vital Statistics Unit, Center for Health Statistics, DSHS, 1999-2005 Data source:: BRFSS, Center for Health Statistics, DSHS, 2007 B. Mortality Cardiovascular disease is a grouping of vascular diseases that affects the heart and circulatory system. Heart disease and stroke—the two most common forms of cardiovascular disease (CVD)—are the first and third leading causes of death in the United States and in Texas. CVD causes more deaths among both genders and all racial and ethnic groups than any other disease. Ischemic Heart Disease The overall age-adjusted mortality rate (AAMR) for ischemic heart disease (IHD) declined from 202.4 per 100,000 in 1999 to 151.8 per 100,000 in 2005. The decrease was statistically significant. AAMR for males and females and for Whites and African Americans also showed significant decline during the same period. AAMR for Hispanics, however, stayed relatively level through 2002, and then showed a significant decline after 2005. In addition, among the race/ethnicity groups, African Americans have a higher risk of dying from IHD than Whites, Hispanics and other races. C. Financial Burden The total hospital charges for CVD diagnoses have increased each year from 2001 to 2006. Among the specific CVD diseases, total hospital charges were highest for ischemic heart disease, followed by congestive heart failure, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke. 5 Year Average Age-Adjusted Mortality Rates for Ischemic Heart Disease, Texas, 2001—2005 Age-Adjusted Mortality Rate Per 100,000 Average State Rate 166.7 (165.9-167.6) Per 100,000 Acknowledgement: Support provided by Jennifer Smith, Adult Health and Chronic Disease Group, Texas Department of State Health Services. Data Source: Texas Health Care Information Collection (THCIC), DSHS, 2001-2006 Data source: Texas Vital Statistics Unit, Center for Health Statistics, DSHS, 1999-2005