Chapter 23 Reproduction in Plants

1. Chapter 23 Reproduction in Plants Section 1: Introduction to Plant Reproduction Section2: Flowers Section 3: Flowering Plants

2. Gymnosperms “naked seed” Seeds within cones Angiosperms “flower seed” Seeds contained within fruit Vascular Seed Producing Plants

3. Angiosperms • Produce flowers, pollen, fruit • Seed enclosed in fruit • Fruit: Ripened part of the plant where seeds are formed • More than ½ of all known plant species are Angiosperms • 2 types: Monocots & Dichots

4. Monocots • Have one cotyledon: food storage organ of seed • Plants have parallel veins in leaves • Vascular bundles are scattered in stems • Netlike roots • Flower parts in multiples of 3 • Seed sprouts 1 leaf • Ex: grasses, lilies, corn

5. Dicots • Have 2 cotyledons • Netlike veins in leaves • Vascular bundles in a circle inside stem • Taproots: anchor firmly in ground • Flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5 • Seed sprouts 2 leaves • Ex: oak, holly, daisies & roses

6. Gymnosperms • Non-flowering seed plants • Ex: Conifers • Seeds are within cones • Seeds found on scales of cone • Shallow roots • Male cone produces pollen • Female cone produces seeds Female cone Male cone

8. Conifers produce two types of spores that develop into male and female groups. Reproduction in Plants Chapter 23 23.1 Introduction to Plant Reproduction Conifer Reproduction and Life Cycle

9. Reproduction in Plants Chapter 23 23.1 Introduction to Plant Reproduction Female Cones • At the base of a female cone are two ovules. • Each ovule has a produces megaspores that develop in to the female gametophyte.

10. Reproduction in Plants Chapter 23 23.1 Introduction to Plant Reproduction Male Cones • Each male cone contains hundreds of sporangia. • The male gametophyte produces sperm, or pollen grains.

11. Reproduction in Plants Chapter 23 23.1 Introduction to Plant Reproduction Pollination • Pollination occurs when the pollen grain from a male plant lands on the female reproductive structure.

12. Pollination

13. Reproduction in Plants Chapter 23 23.2 Flowers Pollination Mechanisms • Flower adaptations that relate to pollination include flower size, shape, color, and petal arrangements. • Animal pollination • Wind pollination • Self pollination

14. Flower Structure • Petals: colored portion of flower • Sepals: outermost portion of flower

15. Female Parts: Pistil • stigma: sticky top of pistil for pollen to be deposited • style: stalk connecting stigma to ovary • ovary: contains ovule, where eggs are found • ovule: will become seeds if fertilized

16. Male Parts: Stamen • Anther: Produces pollen grains. • Filament: stem-like structure that supports the anther.