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DISASTER

DISASTER. Definitions. An overwhelming ecological disruption occurring on a scale sufficient to require outside assistance … PAHO 1980. Disasters are exceptional events which suddenly kill or injure large numbers of people …

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DISASTER

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  1. DISASTER

  2. Definitions An overwhelming ecological disruption occurring on a scale sufficient to require outside assistance … PAHO 1980. Disasters are exceptional events which suddenly kill or injure large numbers of people… Red Cross/Red Crescent.

  3. Definitions • Any occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life or deterioration of health or health services on a scale that warrants extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area • Source: WHO strategy and approaches to humanitarian action,1995 •  Man made calamity (accident or intentional) • A catastrophic event that overwhelms a community’s response capabilities

  4. Definitions cont-- • CRED defines a disaster as “a situation or event which overwhelms local capacity, necessitating a request to a national or international level for external assistance; an unforeseen and often sudden event that causes great damage, destruction and human suffering

  5. Types of disasters

  6. Floods

  7. Air Crash

  8. Tornados

  9. Drought

  10. Sandstorm

  11. Disaster subgroup definition and classification

  12. Disaster subgroup definition and classification

  13. Types of Disasters

  14. Deaths VS Injuries

  15. Top 10 Natural Disasters in Pakistan for the period 1992 to 2011 sorted by numbers of killed

  16. Top 10 Natural Disasters in Pakistan for the period 1992 to 2011sorted by numbers of total affected people:

  17. Disaster Management Emergency Aid and Disaster Response is as old as humanity

  18. Phases of Disaster Management Disaster impact Preparedness R E C O V E R Y Response Rehabilitation Reconstruction Mitigation

  19. PreparednessPlanning how to respond for an emergency or disaster and working to increase resources available to respond effectively • Multisectorial Activity • communications • health • social welfare • police & security • search & rescue • transport • media

  20. Preparedness(a stitch in time saves nine) • Tasks • evaluate risk, • adopt standards/regulations, • organize communication, warning sys, coordination& response mechanism, • ensure financial resources, • develop public education programmes, • coordinate with media, and • organize disaster simulation exercises

  21. PLANNING PROCESS • P Planning • O Organizing • S Staffing • D Directing • C Coordinating • R Reporting • B Budgeting

  22. Disaster impact & ResponseActivities that occur during and immediately following a disaster Search, Rescue &First Aid Field care Triage Tagging Identification of dead

  23. TriageDo the most good for the most patients Emergent (Immediate) or Priority One (RED) Urgent (Delayed) or Priority Two(YELLOW) Non-urgent (Minimal) or Priority Three(GREEN) Dead (BLACK)

  24. KEYS TO SUCCESSFUL FIELD OPERATIONS IN DISASTER RESPONSE SCENARIOS • People • Equipment • Training • Organization

  25. Emergent or Immediate Examples •Unstable chest/abdomen wounds •Vascular wounds with limb ischemia •Incomplete amputations •Open fractures of long bones

  26. Urgent or Delayed • Examples • Stable abdominal wounds • Soft tissue wounds • Vascular injuries with adequate collaterals • Genitourinary tract disruption • Fractures requiring operative intervention • Maxillofacial without airway compromise

  27. Urgent or Delayed

  28. Non-urgent or Minimal • Walking wounded/ walking “well” • Directed away from Triage area to minimal care area for first aid and non-specialty care • May be a source of manpower

  29. DEAD / MORIBUND • Survival unlikely even with optimal care • Should be separated from view of other casualties • Should not be abandoned • Comfort measures with minimal staff

  30. MitigationActivities which actually eliminate or reduce the chance of occurrence or the effects of a disaster • Measures designed to either prevent hazards eg protection of vulnerable population and structures • Improving structural quality of houses, schools, and other public buildings. • Safety of water supply & sewerage system

  31. RehabilitationActions taken to return to normal or safer conditions Water supply Food safety Basic Sanitation&Personal Hygiene Vaccination Nutrition Vector Control

  32. NDMA(National Disaster Management Authority) Established 2010

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