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電子工程導論

電子工程導論. 計算機工程 Computer Engineering. Outlines. Overview Course Layout, Objective, and Relationship Computer Hardware Computer Software Computer Network Integrated Circuit Design Conclusion and Discussion. Overview. Overview. promote. Computer system performance. IC design and

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電子工程導論

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  1. 電子工程導論 計算機工程 Computer Engineering

  2. Outlines • Overview • Course Layout, Objective, and Relationship • Computer Hardware • Computer Software • Computer Network • Integrated Circuit Design • Conclusion and Discussion

  3. Overview

  4. Overview promote Computer system performance IC design and fabrication techniques enhance

  5. Overview Computer system engineering is a problem-solving activities Concept System analysis and definition Hardware Software Trade-off Hardware engineering Software engineering

  6. Overview • System analysis and definition • systematic refinement of information to be processed • required functions • desired performance • design constraints • validation criteria

  7. Overview • Trade-off: • A configuration is selected and functions allocated among potential system elements

  8. Overview

  9. Overview • The computer revolution

  10. Overview • The evolution of information industry

  11. Overview • The electronic industry trend

  12. Overview • The development trend of PC PostPC-generation PC-generation

  13. Overview • The IA (information appliance) productions

  14. Overview • Computer System Applications Operating System (Windows XP) Compiler Software Assembler Firmware Hardware Processor Memory I/O system Network Systems Datapath & Control Digital Design Circuit Design Transistors

  15. Course Layout, Objective, and Relationship

  16. 作業系統 技術 資料庫 管理系統 軟體 即時系統 軟體工程 編譯器設計 計算機演算法 系統程式 作業系統 資料結構 程式語言 離散數學 區域網路 物件導向 程式設計 高等計算 機架構 計算機組織 計算機概論 數位邏輯設計 計算機網路 數位邏輯 設計技術 計算機架構 程式設計 數據通信 無線通信網路 中央處理 單元設計 硬體描述語言 組合語言 微處理機 硬體 網路程式設計 分散式系統 微處理機 技術 網路 平行處理 行動計算 嵌入式系統 多媒體應用

  17. Computer Hardware

  18. Computer Hardware • Design of Computer Systems • Architecture level • Functional level • Hardware level • Architecture • Control flow (Von Neumann Machine) • Data flow (Data flow computer) • VLSI computing structure (Neural Nets)

  19. Computer Hardware • Performance Evaluation • MIPS (Millions of Instructions Per Second), FLOPS • Benchmarks: SPEC95, …

  20. Computer Hardware • Control Flow (Von Neumann Machine) Arithmetic/ Logic Unit Data Stream Input Unit Memory Unit Output Unit Instruction Stream Control Flow Control Unit Data flow

  21. Computer Hardware • Four machine organizations • SISD: Single Instruction Stream-Single Data Stream • SIMD: Single Instruction Stream-Multiple Data Stream • MISD: Multiple Instruction Stream-Single Data Stream • MISD: Multiple Instruction Stream- Multiple Data Stream

  22. Computer Hardware SISD: SIMD: IS IS CU PU1 MU IS DS1 PU2 MU CU PU MU IS DS DS2 M M PUn MU DSn

  23. Computer Hardware MISD: MIMD: IS 1..n IS 1..n CU1 CU1 PU MU PU MU DS1 IS1 DS IS1 CU2 PU MU CU2 PU MU IS2 IS2 DS2 M M M M M M CUn PU MU CUn PU MU DSn ISn DS ISn

  24. Computer Hardware • Instruction sets (hardware complexity) • CISC: Complex Instruction Set Computer • RISC: Reduced Instruction Set Computer • a limited and simple instruction set • a large number of general-purpose registers • an emphasis on optimizing the instruction pipeline • Instruction cycles • fetch phase • execution phase fetch phase execution phase instruction cycle

  25. Computer Hardware • Solutions: • pipelining • prefetch • instruction queue • multiple instruction flows F1 E1 E2 F2 F3 E3 F4 E4 F1 E1 F2 F3 E3 F4 E4 E2

  26. Computer Hardware Evolution of a computer processor Well-mapped Overlapped Pipelined Dyadic M Quad processor M

  27. Computer Hardware • VLSI Computing Structures • highly parallel computing (e.g., signal/image processing and scientific computing) • mapping parallel algorithms into processor arrays

  28. Computer Hardware One-dimension linear array Two-dimensional hexagonal array Two-dimensional square array (Systolic Array)

  29. Computer Software

  30. Computer Software • Computer Software • is a logical element • is the sequences of instructions in one or more programming languages that comprise a computer application to perform some dedicated functions

  31. Computer Software • Software has characteristics that considerably different from those hardware • No significant manufacturing phase • Does not wear out • Maintenance often includes design modification and enhancement

  32. Computer Software • Software components • non-machine executable -- documents • machine executable -- programs • Programming languages • are artificial languages • limit vocabulary • explicitly define grammar • well formed rules of syntax and semantics

  33. Computer Software • Software Applications • system software -- to service other programs • real-time software -- monitor, analyze, and control real world events • business software -- business information processing (largest app. area)

  34. Computer Software • engineering and scientific -- number crunching algorithms • combinatorial software -- makes use of non-numerical algorithm to solve complex problems, AI, pattern recognition, game playing, theorem proving, ...

  35. Computer Software • The software application area demand diverse skills and approaches for problem recognition and solution • The software implementation must be approached by using a set of techniques that are application independent

  36. Computer Software • Overview of the software engineering methodologies • methodologies are procedures, techniques, and processes used to direct the activities of each phase of a software life cycle.

  37. Computer Software • there are five classes of methodologies: • Process Methodology • Data Methodology • Object-oriented Methodology • Semantic Methodology • Rapidly Prototyping (None)

  38. Computer Network

  39. Computer Network • Data communication • For two devices linked by a transmission medium to exchange data, a high degree of cooperation is required • Techniques • Encoding • Synchronization • Error detection/correction • Interfacing • Multiplexing

  40. Computer Network • Digital data communication • serial transmission • parallel transition b7b6...b0 Tx Rx b7 Tx Rx M b0

  41. Computer Network Transmission media

  42. Computer Network • Communication Network • is a shared resource that address the problems cited early • the network provides for the sharing of transmission facilities among any stations • is not concerned with the content of the data exchanged between stations • its purpose is simply to move that data from source to destination

  43. Computer Network • Interconnection via a communication network

  44. Computer Network • Network topologies B B B C C A A C A E D E D D E Star Ring Dual Ring A D B F D B A C B A E C C F E Bus Tree Dual Bus

  45. B C A D E H F G Computer Network B A D A D C B F C A C B E Dual Bus Dual Bus Mesh Snowflake

  46. 集線器 或 中樞器 A H ... F B G D C E Computer Network G B 橋接器 H C F A J E I D 橋接器 橋接器 L M K Hub or Concentrator O N Bridged Ring Networks

  47. Computer Network • LAN (Local Area Network) 工作站 工作站 傳輸媒介: 同軸電纜, 雙絞線, 光纖 工作站 工作站 工作站

  48. Computer Network • OSI protocol model

  49. Computer Network

  50. Computer Network • TCP/IP

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