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DNA replication, transcription, & translation

DNA replication, transcription, & translation. How you go from DNA to proteins. Mrs. Hollstein. Watson & Crick. In 1953, Watson & Crick discovered the structure of DNA- the…. double helix. Remember. Where is DNA?. DNA is in the nucleus of cells. What is made up of DNA?.

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DNA replication, transcription, & translation

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  1. DNA replication, transcription, & translation • How you go from DNA to proteins. • Mrs. Hollstein

  2. Watson & Crick • In 1953, Watson & Crick discovered the structure of DNA- the… double helix

  3. Remember • Where is DNA? • DNA is in the nucleus of cells • What is made up of DNA? • Chromosomes are made up of DNA

  4. Remember as well… • Before a cell divides (mitosis) it has to do what? • Copy its DNA, (and grow)

  5. DNA replication • An enzyme unzips (or takes apart) the double helix • Each strand acts as a template for the new strand • A T C G get added to the growing strand • An enzyme “proofreads” or double checks the new DNA to make sure there are no mistakes

  6. Watch DNA replication http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/molgenetics/dna-rna2.swf http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/media/DNAi_replication_vo1-lg.mov

  7. DNA contains genes • Genes are parts of the DNA that code for traits • But how do we get from DNA to traits that we see?

  8. First DNA is used to make RNA • This process is called transcription • RNA replaces T with U! • This type of RNA= messenger RNA, or mRNA

  9. Watch transcription http://www-class.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_biology/animation/gene/gene_a2.html Transcription

  10. Review: Transcription • Enzyme unzips DNA • RNA polymerase starts transcription • RNA bases are matched to one strand of DNA • RNA strand is released

  11. DNA is a double helix, RNA is not!

  12. PRACTICE! • Write the DNA strand: • A C G G C T T A C T G G C A T T • Now you figure out the RNA strand. • Answer: • U G C C G A A U G A C C G U A A

  13. Messenger RNA • mRNA carries the message of your genetic code • It leaves the nucleus and goes into the cytoplasm where there are ribosomes

  14. RNA is edited before it goes to a ribosome

  15. Genetic Code • Now you have mRNA carrying the genetic code • You read the sequence of letters 3 bases at a time: UCG-CAC-GGU • The 3 letter codes are called codons and stand for an amino acid: UCG-CAC-GGU • There are 20 amino acids that make up ALL the proteins in your body! Serine-Histidine-Glycine

  16. From RNA to protein • This process is called Translation • mRNA attaches to ribosome • tRNA anticodons match up with mRNA codons and carry the amino acid • The amino acids bond together to form a protein

  17. Watch translation..TWICE! http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/molgenetics/translation.swf http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/molgenetics/translation.swf http://www-class.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_biology/animation/gene/gene_a3.html

  18. REVIEW! • DNA replication gives us: • 2 copies of DNA • Transcription gives us: • mRNA • Translation gives us: • amino acid chain (protein!) • Proteins give us traits!

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