Do Now:

1. Do Now: • How has geography and geographic features effected civilizations in the past? Use prior Knowledge.

2. The Mongols Genghiz Khan & The Mongolian Empire

3. Steppesand grasslands of central Asia Allowed horse-riding, nomadic*herdsman known as the Mongols to sweep out across large parts of Asia and Europe. Geography

4. The Mongols • The Mongols often brought peace, stability and prosperity wherever they conquered. • China, India and Russia • Their tolerance and open trade helped to create the Pax Mongolia thanks to the re-opening of the Silk Road. • Pax Mongolia= Peace in Mongolia

5. The Silk Road • The Silk Road was used during the Song and Tang Dynasties in China • The Mongols reopened the routes • They also provided safety for travelers • Goods and ideas such as porcelain, gunpowder, paper making and windmills flowed West.

6. Genghis Khan • Born Temujin • Earned the title Genghis Khan or World Leader • Was a prisoner of war at a very early age • Known for his brutal and cunning tactics in combat • Led skilled horsemen into battle • Included women in society

7. Russia • In Russia, the Golden Horde took control of Russia demanding that it pay tribute* to the Khan. Mongol rule on had two long term effects on Russia: • A) Absolutism: The Mongol rulers served as a model for later Russian czars Russia became a (subordinate) state • B) Isolation: Mongol rule isolated Russia from Europe for 250 years at a critical time when many advances in art, science and government were made during the Renaissance

8. India • In India, a descendent of Temujin called Akbar the Great would begin a Golden Age* in India. • This was called The Mughal Empire

9. Mongol Empire 13th Century

10. 2 Mongols Once a conquest was complete, the Mongols were not oppressive rulers. They often allowed conquered peoples to live much as they had — as long as they paid tribute to the Mongols. The heirs of Genghiz Khan established peace and order within their domain. (PaxMongolica)

11. Reasons Why the Mongols are Awesome • Restarted Eurasia Trade (Silk Road) • Increased Communication throughout Eurasia (Yam System) • Cultural Diffusion • Tolerance.

12. Reasons why the Mongols aren’t Awesome • Brutal • Killed millions of people • Empire only lasts 80 years • No achievements in art or architecture • Helped start Black Plague

13. AIM: How did Mongol rule influence China? • Do Now: Imagine that a foreign nation conquered the United States. How would you react? How would you feel?

14. 2 Mongols in China Genghis Khan and his son were able to conquer a large amount of territory in their lives. This land included Northern China. However Southern China would remain free from Mongol rule until Genghis’ grandson Kublai Khan conquered the remainder of Chine once he rose to power.

15. 2 Khan Dynasty • Kublai became the first foreigner to rule over China. • He started Yuan Dynasty. • Under the Yuan Dynasty; • China was united • Trade increased • The mongols were tolerant of Chinese culture and govt

16. 2 Mongol Empire

17. 2 Visitors Prior to the Mongol rule, China was isolated from the rest of the world. Kublai invited Europeans to visit the Empire. One of the more important guests was Marco Polo Polo would write about the ordeal

18. AIM: How did geography affect life in the Korean peninsula? • The Empire that came under a golden age under Akbar the Great • The Dynasty established in China after Genghis’ death in 1227 • Do Now: Matching • The Name by which the Russians knew the Mongols • The Grandson of Genghis • His other name translates to World Leader • He was invited to visit China by the Khan. He wrote about it.

19. 2 Review In the 1200s, Genghiz Khan united Mongol tribes and conquered a vast empire that stretched from the Pacific Ocean to Eastern Europe. Genghiz Khan imposed strict military discipline and demanded absolute loyalty. His highly trained armies contained some of the most skilled horsemen in the world. In their conquest of China, the Mongol armies faced the problem of attacking walled cities. Mongol and Chinese armies used missile weapons against each other. It took 150 years for the Mongols to complete their conquest of China.

20. 2 Mongol Empire

21. 2 Mo’ Review Once a conquest was complete, the Mongols were not oppressive rulers. They often allowed conquered peoples to live much as they had — as long as they paid tribute to the Mongols. The heirs of Genghiz Khan established peace and order within their domain. Historians today refer to this period as the Pax Mongolica, or Mongol Peace.

22. 2 Even Mo’ Review Only Mongols could serve in the military or hold the highest government jobs. A mix of Chinese and foreign customs developed. Foreigners were welcomed into China and a number of Chinese products, such as gunpowder and porcelain, were introduced in Europe.

23. Regent Question The Mongols played a significant role in Russian history by A. supporting Czar Nicholas II during the Russian Revolution B. supporting the rule of Ivan the Terrible C. ending the reign of Catherine the Great D. isolating Russia from Western Europe during the early Renaissance

24. 3 Korea and Its Traditions • How did geography affect life in the Korean peninsula? • How did Korea maintain its unity and independence despite Chinese influence? • What were the major achievements of the Choson dynasty?

25. 3 Geography of the Korean Peninsula Seventy percent of Korea is mountainous. Because farming is difficult in the mountains, most Koreans live along the western coastal plain, Korea’s major farming area. Korea has a 5,400 mile coastline with hundreds of good harbors. Since earliest times, Koreans have depended on seafood for protein in their diet. Korea’s location on China’s doorstep has played a key role in its development.

26. 3 Korea United Prior to the Mongols; As early as Han times, China extended its influence to Korea. Although Koreans absorbed many Chinese traditions, Korea was able to preserve its independence and maintain a separate and distinct culture. Koreans adapted and modified Chinese ideas.

27. 3 The Choson Dynasty • They reduced Buddhist influence and set up a government based upon Confucian principles. Over time, Confucianism greatly influenced Korean life. • They developed hangulto replace the complex Chinese writing system. The use of hangul led to an extremely high literacyrate, or percentage of people who can read and write. In 1392, the Koreans overthrew their Mongol conquerors and set up the Choson dynasty. Choson rulers made important contributions to Korean culture.

28. 3 Section 3 Assessment More than half of the Korean peninsula is made up of a) mountains. b) coastal plains. c) deserts. d) valleys. With the development of hangul, a) Chinese influence in Korea ended. b) Buddhism spread more quickly through Korea. c) Korean peasants were allowed to take the civil service examination. d) the literacy rate in Korea increased.

29. 3 Section 3 Assessment More than half of the Korean peninsula is made up of a) mountains. b) coastal plains. c) deserts. d) valleys. With the development of hangul, a) Chinese influence in Korea ended. b) Buddhism spread more quickly through Korea. c) Korean peasants were allowed to take the civil service examination. d) the literacy rate in Korea increased.

30. AIM: How did the Song and Tang Dynastys influence Chinese development? • Do Now: • Take two minutes and list the types of achievements made during a Golden Age of a civilization.

31. CHINA • China, up until the early 1900s, has been ruled by Dynasties. • A Dynasty is a ruling family that has control for many generations. • A Dynasty will end for two reasons. - No male heir - Rebellion/ War Dynasties in order Shang---- Zhou (Joe) ---- Warring Period (Chaos)--- Qin (chin) --- Han---More Chaos----Sui---Tang---- Song---Yuan (Mongols)----Ming ---- Qing (Ching)- 1911~

32. Mandate of Heaven • The theory of Mandate of Heaven dates back as far as the Zhou Dynasty. • They claimed that the Shang lost the Mandate of Heaven, or approval of the Gods. • Thusly, it was the Gods’ will that the power in China would shift from the Shang to the Zhou. • After the Zhou Dynasty fell to the Qin, the Qin claimed the same thing. • Emperors also begun looking towards Confucianism.

33. Confucius • Confucius was a Chinese philosopher that lived during the “Chaos” period. • After initially being shunned. Confucianism was eventually accepted into Chinese government, Chinese society, Chinese everything. Major Parts of Confucianism -Everyone is either a superior or an inferior -Inferiors give respect to their superior (A son for a father, a pupil to a teacher…) -This is called filial piety.

34. Tang Dynasty • 618-907 *All prior to the Mongols • Song Dynasty • 960-1279

35. Main Idea: Tang and Song China experienced an era of prosperity and technological innovation. Why it Matters Now: Chinese inventions from this period, such as printing, gunpowder, and the compass, changed history.

36. Tang Dynasty Government • Centralized government under an Emperor (United China) • Revived civil service exam Size of Empire • Included Western China and Korea • Increased taxes to support expansion

37. Tang Dynasty Economy • Built roads, canals and other infrastructure • Promoted Trade • Improved Agriculture Society • Redistributed land to peasants • Opened Schools • Merchants seen as parasites and are LOW class

38. Tang • Arts Porcelain, Mechanical Clocks, Printing, Gunpowder, Landscape painting with Daoist themes

39. Song Dynasty Government • Centralized government under an Emperor (United China) • Supporter of military • Expanded civil service exam Size of Empire • Less territory • Would lose more territory as time passes. Eventual relocation to South China.

40. Song Dynasty Economy • Promoted Trade (silk road) • Agriculture switches from wheat to rice • Food Surpluses Society • Class Division between Gentry and Peasants • Class Division between Scholars and Laborers • (Social Mobility) • Women-Foot Binding (Next Slide) • Merchants seen as parasites and are LOW class

41. Foot Binding- (Graphic Images)

42. Song • Arts Paper Money, Magnetic Compass, Landscape paintings with Daoist Themes

43. The Tang and Song Dynasties Compared Tang Only Song Only Both Ruled smaller empire, developed into great sea power, created paper money and movable type Prospered through trade, improved agriculture, created great art and literature Expanded the empire, had a female ruler, adopted Buddhism

44. Exit Slip: How did the Song and Tang Dynasties impact China?