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Prokaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic Cells. Plantae Fungi Animalia Protista. eukaryotic. Monera. prokaryotic. Kingdom Protista. Kingdom Protista. Eukaryotic Mostly unicellular A very heterogeneous group include both heterotrophic and photoautotrophic forms 11 phyla Lots of disagreements

hanae-william
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Prokaryotic Cells

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  1. Prokaryotic Cells

  2. Plantae Fungi Animalia Protista eukaryotic Monera prokaryotic Kingdom Protista

  3. Kingdom Protista • Eukaryotic • Mostly unicellular • A very heterogeneous group include both heterotrophic and photoautotrophic forms • 11 phyla • Lots of disagreements • Whittaker = “leftovers”

  4. Reproduction: • binary fission splits into two asexually • multiple fissionproducing more than two individuals • sexually by conjugation(opposite mating strains join & exchange genetic material) 

  5. Kingdom Protista • 3 informal groups • Animal-like protists • Fungus-like protists • Plant-like (algal) protists • Misleading: some change ~ 45,000 species

  6. Animal-like Protists Amoeba Cilliates Flagellates 13,000 species

  7. Animal-like Protists • Classified by the way they move pseudopodia cilia flagella

  8. Heterotrophs ingest small food particles & digest it inside food vacuoles containing digestive enzymes

  9. Animal-like protists • Sarcomastigophora (amoebas, forams, radiolarian) • Ciliophora (paramecium) • Zoomastigophora (trypansoma) • Apicocomplexa (Sporozoa)

  10. Animal-like Protists Phylum Sarcomastigophora “Amoeba” Shell-like glass or calcium carbonate structures Radiating projections 13,000 species

  11. Note:glass projections

  12. Foraminifera Tropics = beaches Most have symbiotic algae

  13. Foramenifera:Globigerina ooze Covers about 36%of the ocean floor

  14. Animal-like Protists Phylum Ciliophora (“ciliates”) Largest, most homogeneous Share few characteristicswith others Movement coordinated Sex: 8 mating types 8,000 species

  15. Paramecium

  16. Animal-like Protists • Phylum Zoomastigophora (“zooflagellates”) • Move using flagella:1 to thousands of flagella • Some parasites • African trypanosomiasis – sleeping sickness – tsetse fly • Chagas Disease – kissing bug • Leishmaniasis – sand fly • giardiasis Vaccines? change protein coat! • Gave rise to animals? 1,500 species

  17. African sleeping sickness Tsetse fly Trypansoma

  18. The Kissing Bug Chagas disease

  19. Leishmaniasis Sand fly Leishmania

  20. Malaria Mosquito & “victim” Africa = kills 1 million children per year Thousands of sporozoites injected Vaccine? (US support?) Anopheles Mosquito gameteocyte Plasmodium sporozoite

  21. Fungus-like Protists 475 species Phylum Oomycota(“water molds”; mildew, blights) Some unicellular; others consist of hyphae Decomposers,parasites Cell walls- cellulose Related to algae based on cell wall composition Named after reproductive method No “septa”

  22. water molds

  23. Downy Mildew

  24. Mildew hyphae

  25. Fungus-like Protists Phylum Myxomycota(“slime molds”) Bizarre Bright colors Moving “slime” mass Acellular body 550 species

  26. Fungus-like Protists Mildew Water molds Blights Downey mildew 475 species Slime molds

  27. Slime Mold Maze The slime mold starts out evenly spread through the maze, but when food sources are placed at two ends, the slime mold retracts from everywhere but the shortest path.

  28. Diatoms Plant-like Protists • Dinoflagellates • Diatoms • Euglena • Cocolithophore • Green algae • Brown Algae • Red algae Dinoflagellates Cocolithophore Radiolarian

  29. Plant-like Protists Phylum Pyrrophyta (“dinoflagellates”) Marine and Freshwater Some live in corals Cause “red tide” 1,100 species

  30. Zooxanthellae in Coral Polyp

  31. Bioluminescence Pyrocystis fusiformis

  32. Red Tide • HAB (harmful algal blooms) can result in • PSP (paraletic shellfish poisoning) Gonyaulax polyhedra, Gymnodium

  33. Red Tide

  34. Plant-like Protists Phylum Chrysophyta (“diatoms & golden algae”) Link to green algae 13,000 species

  35. HAB- diatoms 2009 Washington State 10,000 seabirds deaths Alfred Hitchkock “The Birds” Diatom - Akashiwo sanguinea Domoic acid

  36. Plant-like Protists Phylum Euglenophyta (“euglenoids”) 800 species

  37. Division Chlorophyta “Green algae” Most freshwater or terrestrial Some marine 7,000 species

  38. Chlorophyta: Green Algae Halimeda opuntia Codium edule Caulerpa sertularioides Dictyosphaeria cavernosa Caulerpa racemosa

  39. Division Phaeophyta “Brown algae” Marine habitats Example: giant kelp forests 1,500 species

  40. Example of complex morphology: Macrocystis • holdfast - attaches to substrate • stipe • blade - main organ of photosynthesis • bladder - keeps blades near the surface Blade Bladder Stipe Holdfast

  41. Phaeophyta: Brown Algae Padina japonica Turbinaria ornata Hydroclathrus clathratus Sargassum echinocarpum Sargassum polyphyllum

  42. Division Rhodophyta “Red algae” Most in marine habitats 4,000 species

  43. Rhodophyta: Red Algae Hypnea chordacea Ahnfeltia concinna Acanthophora spicifera Galaxaura fastigiata Asparagopsis taxiformis

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