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Pakistan’s Disaster Response Mechanism. 1. Sequence. Disaster Management System. Response Mechanism. Challenges & Priority Areas. Disaster Management System. Evolution of Disaster Management System. Disaster Management Structure as per NDM Act. Federal Level. Provincial Level. Enabler.
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Sequence Disaster Management System Response Mechanism Challenges & Priority Areas
Disaster Management Structure as per NDM Act Federal Level Provincial Level Enabler Policy Formulation PM Office Implementation
Chairman NDMA Structure CoordDte Member (Ops) Member (DRR) Member (A&F) NIDM RespDte ImplDte A&P Dte R&R Dte P&IC Dte Fin Dte Log Dte Media Dte GCC ICT Dte PMU
PDMA Functions • Formulation of provincial disaster management policy • Coordinate and monitor implementation of the National Policies, National Plans and Provincial Plans • Examine vulnerability of the Province to different disasters and specify prevention or mitigation measures • Lay down guidelines for preparation of Disaster Management Plans • Evaluate preparedness at all governmental or non-governmental levels • Coordinate response in event of disaster
DDMA Functions • Prepare Disaster Management and Response Plan • Coordinate implementation of National / Provincial Policy and Plan • Identify vulnerable areas and take preventive measures • Ensure implementation of guidelines • Give directions for prevention or mitigation of disasters • Lay down guidelines for preparation of disaster management plans • Monitor implementation of disaster management plans • Encourage involvement of NGOs for disaster management • Ensure viability of communication systems
Hazards in Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological Hazards
Hazards in Pakistan Geological Hazards • Avalanches
Hazards in Pakistan Man-made Hazards
Likely Hazard Intensity Contingency Planning Methodology Based on Bottoms Up Approach Federal Level Provincial Level District Level Collation / Coordination of District Plans Contingency Plan Framework Resources Back Up
Emergency Operations Centres • Disaster Management Authorities in Pakistan have established a number of Emergency Operations Centres at all three tiers of the system • At Federal Level, there is the National Emergency Operations Centre (NEOC), Provincially, all the Provinces / Regions have established Provincial Emergency Operations Centres (PEOC) and at District level, there are District Emergency Operations Centres (DEOC) • These EOCs are mandated to analyse and coordinate disaster rescue, relief and recovery operations in their areas of responsibility
Functioning of NEOC • Analyse situation based upon severity of the disaster, initial damages / losses in coordination with concerned PDMA and activate NEOC on 24/7 basis • Liaison for information management with:-
Functioning of NEOC • Constant watch over Media • Regular monitoring of PMD Website for any advisories / alerts • Advisory / Alert issued to relevant stakeholders • In case any damages / disaster are reported, concerned PDMAs is asked to initiate Occurrence Report followed by SITREP on given timelines as per SITREP SOPs • After compilation of initial reports from PDMAs, NDMA issues SITREP to relevant stakeholders for information • Compilation of data & log book
Functioning of NEOC • Putting relevant stakeholders on alert especially Armed Forces & USAR Teams • SMS Alerts (Roman Urdu) are generated in affected areas in coordination with concerned PDMA, PMD and PTA • Before initiating any response, the lead taken from electronic / social media is referred to concerned PDMA / DDMA for validation • Record of NGOs / INGOs, humanitarian organisations and visitors in coordination with concerned PDMA / DDMAs is maintained • Preparation of brief for high dignitaries
Flow of Information • Initial Incident Reports • Daily Situation Reports • Weekly Reports • Post Disaster Reports
Sharing of Information • Losses / Damages Data • Rescue / Relief Data • R&R Efforts • Weather Forecasting • Flood Forecasting • Seismology • Losses / Damages Data • Rescue & Relief Activities • River Flow Data • Canal Flow Data • Dams Data • Transboundary Water Flow Data • Satellite Imagery • Imagery Analysis • Relief Activities Data
Civil Military Coordination for DM • Federal Ministries / Divisions / Departments • Technical Agencies (PMD, SUPARCO, GSP, etc) • United Nations Agencies / Donor Organisations / INGOs / NGOs / PRCS Joint Staff HQ (CM-Coord) NDMA Army GHQ Naval Headquarters Air Headquarters • Provincial Departments • United Nations Agencies, INGOs / NGOs / PRCS PDMAs Corps HQs • District Departments • INGOs / NGOs / PRCS DDMAs Division HQs / Formations
Responsibility Matrix – Flood Infrastructure • Forecast Federal Level FFC NationalCoord NDMA Provincial Level PIDs National Communication by NHA ProvincialCoord PDMAs PMD / FFD Tarbela & Mangla Dams WAPDA • Riverine Flood Management • Flood Disaster Management • (All Types of Floods) • (Rescue, Relief, Recovery, Reconstruction & Rehabilitation) Railway Communication by Pak Railways CoordwithIndia PCIW Telecommunication by PTA District Coord DDMAs • Urban Flooding • Municipal Corporations / Development Authorities ofCity Governments
Heatwave Preparedness • During Summer of 2015, Karachi was affected by a severe heatwave which led to many casualties, this was compounded by the fact that the public was observing the holy time of Ramadan • NDMA and other DMAs have been actively working to ensure timely preparedness and mitigation measures to combat the adverse effects of heatwaves on urbanised areas of Pakistan • Prime amongst preparedness measures undertaken include Operational Guidelines for Government Departments and the publishing of NDMA Regional Toolkit for Heatwave Management in Asian Cities
Responsibility Matrix – Heatwave Infrastructure Federal Level MoHR / NHEPRN • Forecast NationalCoord NDMA Provincial Level Health Depts Hospitals ProvincialCoord PDMAs PMD District Administration • Heatwave Management • Heatwave Management – Coordination Basic / Rural Health Units (BHU / RHU) Heatstroke Treatment Centres District Coord DDMAs • Heatstroke Mitigation • Municipal Corporations / Development Authorities ofCity Governments
Responsibility Matrix – Tsunami 1 2 3 4
Responsibility Matrix – Cyclone Infrastructure • Forecast NationalCoord NDMA National Communication by NHA ProvincialCoord PDMA Balochistan / Sindh PMD / NTCWC • Cyclone Disaster Management • (Preparedness, Rescue, Relief, Recovery, Reconstruction & Rehabilitation) • Urban Preparedness / Mitigation / Management Railway Communication by Pak Railways Telecommunication by PTA Ports & Shipping by Port Trusts & MoMA District Coord DDMAs • Municipal Corporations / Development Authorities ofCity Governments
Disasters Handled by NDMA • Displacements • 2009 / 2010 • Landslides / GLOF • Attabad 2010 • Gyari 2012 • Earthquakes • Ziarat 2008 • Dalbandin 2010 • Maskhel & Awaran 2013 • Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 2015 • Cyclones • Yemyin 2007 • Phet 2010 We Learnt Valuable Lessons During the Process! • Air Crash • Air Blue 2010 • Bhoja 2012 • PIA 2016 Floods 2010 – 2017 • Drought • Tharparkar (2014)
Foreign Relief Provided Afghanistan – 2014, 15 Kyrgyzstan - 2010 Japan - 2011 Turkey - 2011 Iran - 2017
Overseas Relief Assistance by NDMA Nepal Earthquake - 2015 Iran Earthquake - 2017 Afghanistan Avalanche - 2015 Afghanistan (Kunduz Insurgency) - 2015 Sri Lanka Floods - 2016 Tajikistan Earthquake - 2016
Strengthening of Response Mechanism • NDMA can support over 0.3 Million people across the Country • Country wide elaborate WarehouseNetwork established • Capacity building of approx 7000 persons through NIDM from 2010 to 2016 • Conduct of National Industrial Mock Exercises • National Disaster Management Simulation Exercises • Six modern Urban Search & Rescue (USAR) Teams raised in Mardan, Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Lahore, Karachi and Gilgit • Active Social Media presence established across multiple platforms • Dynamic website with Global viewership – (http://www.ndma.gov.pk/)
Challenges for Disaster Management • Limited Capacity of Metrological Forecast and Early Warning System • Extreme vulnerability against floods till implementation of National Flood Protection Plan – IV • Mind set of Relief Centric Approach instead of DRR Approach • Relative weakness of Emergency Response Mechanism at District Level exerts premature pull on national resources • Local Government System needs to be involved proactively in DM • Disaster management planning is floods specific instead of multiple disasters
Priority Areas for Future Progress • Consolidation of all Disaster Management Legislation in Pakistan • Provision of Dedicated Aviation Assets for Disaster Management • Establishment of National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) • Revision of National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP) and National Disaster Response Plan (NDRP) • Multi-Hazard Vulnerability and Risk Assessment (MHVRA) of priority one / most vulnerable districts
Priority Areas for Future Progress • Upgradation of National Emergency Operations Centre (NEOC) • Establishment of Model DDMAs in Islamabad for further replication • Development of District Disaster Management Plans (DDMPs) • Development of Integrated Disaster Management Information System (DMIS) • Disaster Management Complex including NEOC and NIDM