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Research Activities in Japan and other Asian Countries

This research overview discusses ground-based observation and space measurements of ozone in Japan, as well as the Japanese research project on stratospheric ozone. It also includes discussions on water vapor, mean age of stratospheric air, and the impact of solar activity on ozone distribution.

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Research Activities in Japan and other Asian Countries

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  1. Research Activities in Japan and other Asian Countries Takashi Imamura (NIES) 1. Ground-based observation - AGAGE monitoring stations: China, Korea, and Japan - NDACC stations: Japan an example: Ozone profiles over Japan have been observed with millimeter-wave radiometers since September 1995 at Tsukuba and March 1999 at Rikubetsu 2. Observation plans from the space - Space measurements of ozone by China - JEM/SMILES

  2. Annual Variation of O3 in the middle atmosphere Semiannual variation were clearly observed at 60 and 76 km. The phase at 60 km seems to be the inverse of that at 76 km. The amplitude at 60 km is smaller than that at 76 km. The variation at 50 km is clearly annual with the peak near winter solstices. (Nagahama et al 2003)

  3. JEM/SMILES A Superconductive Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) is being designed for installation in the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) on the International Space Station (ISS). To be launched in 2009 by HTV/H-IIB

  4. Mission Objectives of JEM/SMILES: • Space demonstration of superconductive mixer and 4-K mechanical cooler for the submillimeter limb-emission sounding, • Global observations of atmospheric minor constituents in the stratosphere, contributing to the atmospheric sciences. • JEM/SMILES will make measurements on ozone and other minor species relevant to ozone loss (normal O3, HCl, HOCl, HNO3, H2O2, and CH3CN). • SMILES will also measure a few radical species crucial to the ozone chemistry (ClO, BrO, and HO2). • The SMILES will also try to observe isotopic composition of ozone.

  5. (courtesy of SMILES team)

  6. 3. Japanese Research Project on Stratospheric Ozone supported by MOE Studies on the Variability of Stratospheric Processes and Uncertainties in the Future Projection of Stratospheric Ozone (FY: 2007 – 2009) Investigations conducted in this project are: • detection of the variation of water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere in the tropics • determination of the mean age of stratospheric air • evaluation on reproducibility of chemical and meteorological fields in the stratosphere calculated by CCSR/NIES CCM • understanding of the impact of solar activity change on ozone distribution using CCSR/NIES CCM and climate models

  7. Water vapor measurements in TTL Ice Saturation Temp Tropopause Variation of water vapor in LS Ozone Water vapor Ice saturation Water vapor Water vapor is controlled at the cold point already dehydrated air (courtesy of M. Fujiwara)

  8. Determination of the mean age of stratospheric air CO2 . Mean age = 5.1 ± 0.4 years SF6 Whole air is sampled in the stratosphere using a cryogenic sampler on board scientific balloon over Japan. mean age = 5.4 ± 0.6 years

  9. Time variation of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere Tropical upper troposphere Stratosphere (20-30km) over Japan (Sugawara et al. unpublished data)

  10. Effects of increase of GHGs on ozone recovery (as an example of numerical experiments with CCSR/NIES CCM) Projection of Ozone hole area Expected recovery of EESC and Cly ○：fixed GHGs and SST ●：future scenario for ODSs, GHG, and SST EESC CCly (courtesy of H. Akiyoshi)

  11. Thank you

  12. Future change of ozone in the low latitude region Ozone above 20hPa Total column ozone Normal run Ozone below 20hPa ODSs: future scenario GHGs and SST: fixed

  13. Time variation of water vapor at 19-21 km in the tropics

  14. Gravitational separation of O2 and N2 isotopes in the stratosphere

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