Chapter 39 Section 1

1. Chapter 39 Section 1 The Endocrine System Biology pgs. 997-1002

2. Objectives State • ____________________ the function of the endocrine system. • ___________________ hormones and glands. • ______________________ how the endocrine system maintains homeostasis. Describe Explain

3. What is the Endocrine System? It is a chemical system, which has access to most cells in the body. It consists of Glands - which produce and control Chemicals – often called hormones, that travel in the blood stream and target cells, called “”. messenger target cells

4. Target cells have , which makes them respond to certain chemicals, But ignore other signals being sent to other groups of cells, or body organs. Nerve signals () also affect target cell, but the effect is very fast, a fraction of a second. Hormones are in reaction time, but last over a long period of time. It may take several minutes, several hours, or several days for groups of cells, and organs to react to hormones. receptors impulses slower

5. attached Exocrine glands, are to organs they control, and Release chemicals into ducts, directly in the organ. Endocrine glands, release into the , and affect Organs and cells all over the body. List of endocrine glands include: blood stream Hypothalemus Pineal gland Pituitary gland Thyroid Parathyroid gland Pancreas Thymus Ovary (female hormones) Adrenal glands Testis (male hormones) (for emergency stress)

6. cross Steriod Hormones can - cell membranes and enter the cytoplasm and even the nucleus.

7. Non Steriod hormones generally ______________ through cell membranes. cannot pass They work by binding to on target cells. receptors

8. All cells also produce hormone like substances, prostaglandins, local hormones, which control things like muscles and blood vessels to contract, and causes a sensation of pain. local smooth _________________ for example, stops pain, because it prevents the formation of local prostaglandins. Asprin