1 / 51

Student Presentations- Cancer

Student Presentations- Cancer. Group Presentation # 2 Cancer: Leukemia . Deborah Haynes Period 1 10/24/05. Leukemia. Leukemia at cellular level. Questions: 1. Leukemia was discovered by Rudolf Virchow in 1847 in Germany.

hang
Download Presentation

Student Presentations- Cancer

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Student Presentations- Cancer

  2. Group Presentation # 2Cancer: Leukemia Deborah Haynes Period 1 10/24/05

  3. Leukemia Leukemia at cellular level Questions: 1. Leukemia was discovered by Rudolf Virchow in 1847 in Germany. 2. Leukemia mostly affects children under 20. However it can also affect adults usually over 60. It affects males 56% of the time and it affects Hispanic children more than any other race. It also affects the number of white children in greater severity than it does black children. However, the cancer can affect anyone. 3. Leukemia is diagnosed when signs show up that white blood cells are reproducing in excess and take over the bone marrow and start showing up in peripheral blood. It also is characterized by a low red blood cell count. If the cancer has spread it can also cause headaches, vomiting, shortness of breathe or fatigue. These symptoms are verified by blood tests and bone marrow biopsies. 4. Suspected causes of cancer include mutations due to radiation or carcinogens such as electromagnetic fields. Two Viruses have been found to cause T-cell Leukemia. Low exposure to common germs has also been shown to be a cause as the immune system doesn’t fully develop. 5. Leukemia affects the bone marrow. 6. Common treatments include chemotherapy and radiation therapy. In some cases, bone marrow transplants may also be included after chemotherapy. If a donor is not found, cord transplants are used in which cells are taken from the umbilical cord. 7. Survival Statistics of people diagnosed with Leukemia is 48% as of 2001. 8. Of the 198,257 people (adults and children) who are afflicted with leukemia a total of 22,570 people die annually due to the cancer in the United States. Normal cells

  4. Alyson’s Story • Diagnosed at 8 months with acute lymphoblast leukemia (ALL) • 25% chance of survival • Bone marrow transplant at 14 months • 4 years of cancer free • Donor not a perfect match • Takes medications for six years to stop graft vs. host disease • A little smaller than others due to chemotherapy • Will have to take growth hormones later in life • Hopefully a long, healthy life ahead of her • Her participation in the trial will help lead to insight which might save other children’s lives!

  5. BRAIN CANCER Allen Nam Period 1

  6. Who Does It Affect? • Brain tumor affects all genders and ethnicities • Brain cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in patients younger than age 35 • They are the second leading cause of cancer death in male adults ages 20-29 • The fifth leading cause of cancer death in female adults ages 20-39

  7. How It’s Diagnosed • CAT scans • MRI scans

  8. Causes of the Cancer • No specific causes of brain cancer • Vinyl chloride is a carcinogen, which is a cancer causing substance

  9. Body Parts Affected

  10. Common Treatments • There are two main surgeries that can be done on patients, open and stereotactic • Surgery is done on the primary brain tumor to take as much of the tumor as possible • An open surgery can take out more of the tumor but it’s done if • the patient is healthy • tumor is accessible • Radiation and chemotherapy are also used to treat brain tumors

  11. Survival Stats • 32.7% for males • 31.6% for females • By age • Age 0-19 years:  63.1% • Age 20-44 years:  50.4% • Age 45-64 years:  14.2% • Age 65 or older:  4.9%

  12. Mortality Rate • About 200,000 are affected with brain tumors in the United States alone

  13. Colon Cancer

  14. History-Although colon cancer has been around for ages, a colon cancer gene has been recently discovered (1991) by Raymond White, This gene is responsible for 80% of cases of the disease.

  15. Group affected- Colon cancer is common among people age 65 and up. Rarely however, it is found in some young adults around the age of 20. Although men are more slightly more likely to get rectal cancer, and women caecum cancer, the overall rates between men and women do not differ much. migrants who move to different countries, often have a high risk of developing colon cancer that is found in the country to which they have moved. The rates are also higher among African Americans than whites.

  16. Diagnosis- The doctor might feel a cancer of the rectum by feeling inside the rectum. To confirm speculations, a biopsy is completed, in which a small sample of tissue is taken with forceps inserted through a small tube. To view cancers further along the colon, the doctor will use either a flexible sigmoidoscope or a colonoscope. Some additional tests include the fecal occult blood test, a sigmoidoscopy, and a barium enema.

  17. Causes- Although many factors can cause colon cancer, but diet is probably the most important one. While diets high in fat and red meat promote cancer, others that include fruits and vegetables, calcium and fiber help prevent it. While 90% of the risk is due to these dietary factors, 10% is due to genetic factors.

  18. Affected Areas- Tumors can penetrate the walls of the infected area and spread to the lymph nodes as well as other organs and tissues including the liver and the lungs.

  19. Treatments- Both radiation and chemotherapy is used when treating colon cancer. However, the use of the treatments depends on the stage that the cancer is in. Surgery is also performed to remove the cancer. About 5 in every 100 patients dies by the 30th day after the operation.

  20. Survival Rate- By use of surgery, colon cancer is curable in 40-50 per cent of cases. If discovered at an early stage, the cancer can be easily treated. The ACS claims that the five-year relative survival rate for localized disease is 90%. Sadly, only 37% of colorectal cancers are detected before the cancer has spread. By the time the cancer reaches the regional nodes, the relative survival rate is only 66%.

  21. Mortality Rate- Colon cancer is the 2nd most common cancer-related death, and about 6% of the population in the Western countries get it at some point in their lives. In the US, there are about 94,000 cases of colon cancer diagnosed per year. About 150,000 Americans will be told they have colon cancer this year. 50,000 people will die.

  22. Lymphoma Group 3

  23. History • Named after Thomas Hodgkin (1798-1866), a English scholar and Quaker physician working at Guy's Hospital in England. • Lymphatic disease was first described in 1666 by Malpighi although it was in Hodgkin's 1832 paper On Some Morbid Appearances of the Absorbent Glands and Spleen that cases of Hodgkin's lymphoma were well documented • Hodgkin's name was attached to the disease in 1865 in a paper by Wilks.

  24. Affects • Hodgkin's can occur in children and adults. • It is more common in two age groups - early adulthood (ages 15-40, usually around 25-30) and late adulthood (after 55). • This lymphoma is rare in children under 5. • About 10% to 15% of cases are diagnosed in children 16 years old and younger.

  25. Diagnosis • Symptoms include: • Swelling of a lymph node, especially in the upper body area. • Lack of energy • Weight loss • Fever • Drenching night sweats • Itching • Lower back pain that is unexplained (lower back pain may be caused by growing lymph nodes pressing on nerves). • In occasional cases the involved nodes are painful after alcohol consumption.

  26. Diagnosis • Hodgkin's is medically diagnosed by taking a tissue sample (biopsy) and searching for the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells, a cell specific to Hodgkin's lymphoma. A needle biopsy is sometimes used but a surgical biopsy, removal of a whole lymph node, is often preferred in getting enough tissue for a definite diagnosis. Reed-Sternberg cells

  27. Located • The lymph system (The lymphatic system defends the body from foreign invasion by disease causing agents such as viruses, bacteria, or fungi. The lymphatic system consists macroscopically of: The bone marrow, spleen, thymus gland, lymph nodes, tonsils, appendix, and a few other organs.)

  28. Treatment • Radiation therapy (using high-dose x-rays or other high-energy rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors) • Chemotherapy (using drugs to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors) • Bone marrow and peripheral blood transplants (transplants are being used for certain patients, especially with recurrent disease) A patient with Hodgkin's disease is being positioned for treatment with a linear accelerator.

  29. Survival Rates • Successful treatment cures about 70% of all cases. Because of advances in treatment, the number of patients who succumb to Hodgkin's has fallen more than 60% since the early 1970s. • 5 year untreated survival rate: about 5% • 1,320 people are expected to die of the disease this year.

  30. Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

  31. Ovarian Cancer Ben Pelayo Ben Pelayo

  32. Threat assessment • Affects women exclusively • Average age of infection is 61 years

  33. Warning Signs • Vaginal Bleeding, abnormal PMS cycles • Weight Gain/Loss, excessive urination

  34. The Usual Suspects • Contraceptive Pills • Family History of Cancer • Asbestos, talc • Exposure to Mumps

  35. Curative Methods • Usually Surgery • Sometimes followed by chemotherapy

  36. Survival Rates: 5-yr (Late Stages): 35-38% -5-yr (Early Stages(: 90-98% Mortality Rates: New Cases: 25000/yr -- Deaths: 16000/yr Statistics

  37. Skin Cancer Group 2

  38. Percival Pott was the first to discover this type of cancer back in the eighteenth century in London.

  39. To diagnose skin cancer it can usually be just determined by looking at a skin growth or a legion. A biopsy test is the most accurate though.   • There are three types of skin cancer, Basis Cell, Squamous, Malignant Melanoma, in order of severity.

  40. This cancer forms on some layer of the skin. But parts of tumors may break off and infect other areas of the body. • Suspected causes of skin cancer are, family history, diet, and age. But the most direct cause is exposure to direct sunlight as a child.

  41. The most common ways to treat skin cancer is to, cut it out, use radiation, freezing it off, or using heat to remove it. If detected early the survival rate of skin cancer is an astounding 95%. • About 9800 people die every year from skin cancer.

  42. Lung Cancer Kim Courtney Nick

  43. Discovery of Cancer • No records of lung cancer in the 19th century • In the 1900s, Alder found 374 cases

  44. Who does it affect? • Anyone • Smokers • People who work with asbestos • People who work in mines (radon)

  45. Diagnosis • Bronchoscopy • Needle aspiration • Thoracentesis • Thoracotomy

  46. Suspected Causes • Smoking (most likely cigar and pipe smoking) • Asbestos • Radon (radioactive gas made by a natural breakdown of uranium)

  47. What parts of the body are affected? • The lungs

  48. Common Treatments • Surgery • Chemotherapy • Radiation therapy • Photodynamic therapy

  49. Survival Statistics • 14% survive for 5 years • Most die within a year

More Related