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IP Addressing

IP Addressing. Every machine on a network has a unique identifier . In the TCP/IP protocol, the unique identifier for a computer is called its IP address There are two standards for IP addresses: IP Version 4 (IPv4) and IP Version 6 (IPv6 ).

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IP Addressing

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  1. IP Addressing Every machine on a network has a unique identifier. In the TCP/IP protocol, the unique identifier for a computer is called its IP address There are two standards for IP addresses: IP Version 4 (IPv4) and IP Version 6 (IPv6). All computers with IP addresses have an IPv4 address, and many are starting to use the new IPv6 address system as well.

  2. IP Addressing IPv4 uses 32 binary bits to create a single unique address on the network. An IPv4 address is expressed by four numbers separated by dots Each number is the decimal (base-10) representation for an eight-digit binary (base-2) number, also called an octet.

  3. IP Addressing IPv4 only gives a finite number of possible IP addresses, a pool that is running out! IPv6 introduced using 128 binary bits to create a single unique address on the network. An IPv6 address is expressed by eight groups of hexadecimal (base-16) numbers separated by colons For example, 2001:cdba:0000:0000:0000:0000:3257:9652

  4. IP Addressing How does your computer get its IP address? An IP address can be either dynamic or static. A static address is one that you configure yourself by editing your computer's network settings. Dynamic addresses are the most common. They're assigned by the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), a service running on the network.

  5. IP Classes IPv4 runs from 00000000 to 11111111 in binary, or 0 to 255 in decimal In other words, 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255 Some numbers in that range are reserved for specific purposes on TCP/IP networks

  6. IP Classes • 0.0.0.0 -- This represents the default network, which is the abstract concept of just being connected to a TCP/IP network. • 255.255.255.255 -- This address is reserved for network broadcasts • 127.0.0.1 -- This is called the loopback address, meaning your computer's way of identifying itself, whether or not it has an assigned IP address. • 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254 -- This is the range of addresses assigned automatically when a computer's unsuccessful getting an address from a DHCP server.

  7. IP Classes • 0.0.0.0 -- This represents the default network, which is the abstract concept of just being connected to a TCP/IP network. • 255.255.255.255 -- This address is reserved for network broadcasts • 127.0.0.1 -- This is called the loopback address, meaning your computer's way of identifying itself, whether or not it has an assigned IP address. • 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254 -- This is the range of addresses assigned automatically when a computer's unsuccessful getting an address from a DHCP server.

  8. Subnetting A network can be divided into subnets, smaller networks Each subnet consists of similar IP addresses to allow easy communication The first 3 octets of an IP address generally indicate the network address The final octet gives the host address

  9. Subnetting For example, 192.168.4.9 192.168.4.0 is the network address .9 is the host address on the 192.168.4.0 network All hosts on the 192.168.4.0 network will communicate with each other

  10. Subnetting What happens when you want to communicate with another host on another network? Data packets are sent via the default gateway, usually the .1 host on the subnet This is usually the router/switch which will then know where to send the data next

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