THE CIVIL WAR

1. THE CIVIL WAR 1860 -1865

2. CIVIL WAR MEDICINE

3. I. Deaths in the War • Of the 618,000 deaths – only 1 in 3 died of wounds in battle • The rest died by disease - measles - mumps - whooping cough - dysentery - malaria - typhoid

4. II. The Surgeons • In the beginning – surgeons didn’t understand the importance of – diet, sanitation or sterile equipment • Gained an understanding as war progressed • A surgeons kit • Mainly implements for cutting off limbs • Bullet probes – find minie balls • Chloroform for anesthetize

5. III. Amputation • Most common form of surgery • 3 out of 4 operations = amputation • Survival Rate • Amputation in first 24 hours from the wounding – a 75% of survival • After 24 hours – a 50% of survival • Saved more lives than it killed

7. IV. Embalming • Preserving the Body • Became a science during the war • A way to preserve bodies for transportation home for burial

9. Civil War Prisons

10. I. Prisoners – Held & Died • North - held – 220,000 - died – 26,436 • South - held – 126,950 - died – 22,576

11. Rules for Prisoners (POW’s) • Keep POW’s in safe, sanitary camps • Give only name, rank, serial number, age • Other non-fighting nations could inspect the camps • Rules agreed on by many nations

12. II. Prison Camps • Most Notorious Camps • In the South – Andersonville, GA - Capacity 10,000 - Highest number held at one time – 32,000 - Total deaths – 12,919 • In the North – Elmira, NY - Capacity – 5,000 - Highest number held at one time – 9,400 - Total deaths – 3,000