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3.)What are the adverse medical implications of this condition

3.)What are the adverse medical implications of this condition. Adverse Medical Implications. Muscle weakness and paralysis (more negative resting membrane potential) Respiratory Hypoventilation (due to respiratory muscle weakness or paralysis) Gastrointestinal Paralytic ileus.

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3.)What are the adverse medical implications of this condition

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  1. 3.)What are the adverse medical implications of this condition

  2. Adverse Medical Implications • Muscle weakness and paralysis (more negative resting membrane potential) • Respiratory • Hypoventilation (due to respiratory muscle weakness or paralysis) • Gastrointestinal • Paralytic ileus

  3. Adverse Medical Implications • Muscle weakness and paralysis (more negative resting membrane potential) • Respiratory • Hypoventilation (due to respiratory muscle weakness or paralysis) • Gastrointestinal • Paralytic ileus

  4. Adverse Medical Implications • Cardiac • ECG changes • Due to delayed ventricular repolarization • Early changes: flattening or inversion of T wave, prominent U wave, ST-segment depression, prolonged QU interval • Severe K+ depletion: prolonged PR interval, decreased voltage and widening of QRS complex

  5. A: Normal B: flattening of T wave C-F:U wave, ST-depression, prolonged QU interval

  6. Adverse Medical Implications • Cardiac • Increased risk for ventricular arrythmias • Potential digitalis toxicity • Risk for Hypertension • Exercising skeletal muscle  insufficient blood flow  increased risk for rhabdomyolysis • Metabolic acidosis (due to increased bicarbonate excretion)

  7. Adverse Medical Implications • Renal • Risk for renal cystic disease • HypoK leads to increased ammoniagenesis which may activate the complement system • Mild Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (NDI) • Defective activation of adenylate cyclase = decrease effect of vasopressin • Endocrine • Glucose intolerance = due to decreased insulin or insulin resistance

  8. 4. What is the significance of the urinary potassium levels?

  9. Potassium Regulation • Kidney • K+ balance: Urinary K+ excretion= Dietary intake • Decreased secretion: Low K+ diet, hypoaldosteronism, acidosis, K+ sparing diuretics • GIT • dietary K+ is absorbed in the small intestine by passive diffusion • K+ is secreted in the colon through aldosterone stimulation • in diarrhea, K+ secretion by the colon is increased

  10. Urinary Potassium level • NV = 25 - 100 meq/L • patient has decreased urinary K+ (15meq/L) • a decrease of: • <25meq/L - diarrhea • >40meq/L - diuretics

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