Chapter 21

1. Chapter 21 Social Interaction

2. Social facilitation and Evaluation apprehension • Social Facilitation • facil= easy • People often perform better when other people are watching than when they are alone • Sports teams competing at home vs. away or at practice • Evaluation Apprehension • Concern about the opinion of others • Another reason why we do better when others are present; we care and try harder

3. Social loafing • When working in a group on a common task, some people slack off • Diffusion of responsibility • Tendency for people to feel less responsible for accomplishing a task when the effort is shared among members • Risky Shift • Tendency for people to take greater risks when they are part of a group than they would as individuals acting on their own • Group polarization • strengthening of a group’s shared attitudes • Pro-life group discussing abortion…

4. Leadership Styles • Authoritarian • Obedience • Control all aspects of members lives • Democratic • members discuss and express; • leaders build consensus • Laissez-Faire • “hands off”

5. Social Norms • Social norms • Standards of behavior that people share; guidelines • Explicit norms • Spoken or written rules • Implicit norms • Unspoken, unwritten rules

6. Asch • Lines • Conformity Going along with others

7. Milgram • “Shocks” • Obedience Unquestioning, listening to authority

8. Zimbardo • Power of the situation • Role-play • Stanford Prison Experiment

9. Foot-in-the-door • Tendency for people to give in to major demands once they have given in to minor ones • Aggression • Words or actions that are meant to hurt other people • Catharsis • Venting of aggressive impulses

10. Altruism • Unselfish concern for the welfare of others • Bystander Effect • People are less likely to give aid when others are present • Page 495 • Darley and Latane’ study