ECONOMIC LIFE

2. ECONOMIC LIFE

3. Agora

4. Trade and Travel in the Roman World 1. Travel by Sea a. Fairly inexpensive b. Rooms were only for crew or very wealthy c. Sailed from port to port and primarily during the day d. Shipping stopped for winter e. Only large grain ships from Egypt ventured into the open sea f. Little risk of piracy under the empire

5. Trade and Travel in the Roman World 2. Travel by Land a. Roman Roads i Primarily built to speed the movement of military troops ii Some Roman roads and bridges are still in use today! iii Roman roads in the New Testament oVia Appiatraveled by Paul on his way to Rome from Puteoli oVia Egnatiatraveled by Paul from Neapolis to Thessalonica b. Accommodations i Inns were filthy and corrupt, usually brothels ii Hospitality was thus a great value

6. Trade and Travel in the Roman World

7. Trade and Travel in the Roman World

8. Alcantara, Spain Trade and Travel in the Roman World

9. Trade and Travel in the Roman World Trade Routes that were significant in the New Testament

10. Coinage in the Roman World

11. Coinage in the Roman World B. Coinage BRONZE SILVER GOLD

12. Taxation in the Roman World C. Taxation 1. Taxation and Census (Luke 2:1) 2. Types of Taxes (Tributa) a. Tributum Soli on agricultural produce b. TributumCapitis on other forms of property i Matthew 17:25 ii Matthew 22:19

13. Taxation in the Roman World C. Taxation c. Vectigalia (telos in Matthew 17:25) indirect taxes iPortoria or “frontier dues” most important ii Solely for revenue, not to control production or trade iii Collection of these were contracted out to publicani o A certain sum was agreed to go to the government o Amounts above sum were profit for the collector o This system encouraged corruption (Imagine that!)

14. Trade and Travel in the Roman World 3. Tax Collectors or Publicans a. Publicani were Romans from the equestrian (knight) class b. The contemptuous attitude toward tax collectors was not due so much to financial extortion as to the perception of aiding the enemy c. The “tax collectors” in the gospels were not publicani iZaccheus and Matthew likely collected taxes on the trade routes through Jericho and Galilee respectively ii Both were likely under the employment of Herod Antipas

15. Style in the Roman World A. Clothing 1.Chiton (Gk.) = tunic (Lt.) = undergarment a. Worn by women and men b. Worn by workers on the job c. Matthew 5:40, Luke 6:29, John 19:23, Jude 1:23 Ionic Doric

16. Style in the Roman World A. Clothing 2. Himation (Gk.) = pallium or palla (Lt.) = outer garment a. Worn over the chiton b. Iconic attire of Christ c. Eventually worn by Greek women in place of Peplos iPeplos was tubular piece of cloth iiHimation was rectangular piece of cloth 3. Toga (Lt.) a. Primarily worn by upper-class Romans b. Senatorial class had a purple stripe on the edge of toga

17. Trade and Travel in the Roman World B. Hair and Head Coverings 1. Veils were more like hoods a. Worn by women whenever out of the house b. Worn by men during certain religious ceremonies Elaborately braided hair was worn by the rich (and the want-to-be-rich) 1 Timothy 2:9