ICT: Education – Technology - Development

1. ICT: Education – Technology - Development Uday B. Desai Dept. of Electrical Engineering IIT-Bombay, Powai Mumbai, India Frontiers of Knowledge in Science and Technology for Africa. University Leaders’ Forum. Cape Town ubdesai@ee.iitb.ac.in www.ee.iitb.ac.in/~ubdesai FKSTA: Cape Town

2. 22% 56% 22% Indian GDP • GDP for India: $650 billion (4th based on PPP, 128th otherwise) • Rural GDP: $150 billion (25%) • ICT GDP: ~ $25 billion • ICT expected to contribute 4.5 to 4.8 % of GDP in the fiscal year 2006-2007 • Indian GDP has shown a growth rate of nearly 8% for the past 5 years and growth rate is expected to continue for the next 5 to 10 years. 56% of GDP from Service Sector FKSTA: Cape Town

3. Birds Eye View: ICT Penetration in India and Africa • Population • 1.19 billion • Median Age • 23.5 yrs Population 0.915 bil FKSTA: Cape Town

4. Computer and Internet Penetration in India and Africa, almost comparable Number of Internet users in India almost twice that in Africa Cellular penetration and users much higher in Africa Key Reasons for ICT flourishing in India Strong Emphasis on Education even during hard economic times English proficiency Liberalization of the economy in 1991 by Dr. Manmohan Singh, then Finance minister and present prime minister ICT in India and Africa? FKSTA: Cape Town

5. Education …IITs FKSTA: Cape Town

6. Sir Ardeshir Dalal(early 1950s, shortly after independence) • These proposals were implemented when India was going thru difficult economic times • Great testimony to the vision of India’s first Prime Minister, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru • Set up research laboratories • Led to the establishment of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) • Set up Indian Institutes of Technology • Technology Mission Program: • Sir Dalal negotiated with the US government for training scientists and engineers under this program. Three proposals (just about the blueprint for today’s Science and Technology Research) • Mr. L. S. Chandrakant, a senior official of the Education Ministry framed the IIT Act which gave the IITs a unprecedented autonomy • Sir B.N. Sarkar Committee, planned the first IIT, took MIT as the model • Professor Norman Dahl (Mech. Engrg.) of MIT and his colleagues were the prime movers of IIT Kanpur; a model subsequently followed by all IITs FKSTA: Cape Town

7. Rourkee Kanpur Kahragpur • Key Attributes • Freedom • Selection of best students • 2% of those who appear for the • entrance exa m get in • Long term vision and investment • It took IITs after nearly 40 years • to get global recognition • Inculcate among them students the • spirit of excellence • Should not worry about students • going overseas. • What was referred to as Brain Drain is • now referred to as Brain Bank IISc More recently, IIITs have been started (private and govt. initiatives) There are 18 National Institutes of Technology (NIT) Besides 7 IITs FKSTA: Cape Town

8. Early ICT Initiatives:Harness the Internet FKSTA: Cape Town

9. ERNET backbone is a judicious mix of terrestrial and satellite-based wide area networks. Daily traffic over ERNET exceeds 20 Giga Bytes Today we have several private ISPs ERNET Educational Research Network, was initiated in 1986 by the, then Department of Electronics (DoE) (now Department fo Information Technology – DIT), with funding support from the Government of India and United Nations Development Program (UNDP) FKSTA: Cape Town

10. Indian Council for Agriculture Research-Net Intranet and Internet for Agricultural Universities and Research institutions  171 institutions have been connected. Various Initiatives All India Council of Technical Education Connectivity to AICTE Recognized Colleges and Regional Centers 48 Institutes connected FKSTA: Cape Town

11. Gyan Vahini (Knowledge Vehicle – Started Recently) Integrate Internet and Intranet tools and computer aided techniques into the Learning environment Focus Upgrade the IT infrastructure at all the higher learning institutions in the country. Connect them on intranet and internet to provide multiple education services within the institution. Pilot project at Delhi University EDUSAT The first Indian satellite exclusively for serving the educational sector Provide interactive satellite based distance education system for the country Operational in 2006 First phase of Edusat State Network to be launched in 9 states Jammu and Kashmir, Kerala, Rajasthan , Haryana, Punjab , Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu , West Bengal and Uttaranchal FKSTA: Cape Town

12. Internet is ubiquitous on all educational campuses VSAT based distance education is picking up strongly Plans for Internet based HDTV quality video for tow way interactive distance education. For Example: IIT-Bombay has 14 universities/colleges on VSAT based Distance Education Networks Amrita Univ. has 42 universities/colleges on their VSAT Distanced Education Network Today … FKSTA: Cape Town

13. Industry Interaction FKSTA: Cape Town

14. Knowledge (ICT) Industry • India has embraced the knowledge industry • Fundamental belief: • In 21st century, economic growth and wealth generation are driven by acquisition and use of knowledge • Knowledge: • research skills • information assessment skills • ability to innovate • ability to implement • capacity to continuously learn India’s educational base has been a great asset in this endeavor FKSTA: Cape Town

15. Once the economy was liberalized (1991), industry –academia interaction flourished Industry started looking at IITs in all earnest after 1996-98 time frame: Almost 40 years after IITs establishment A long sustained vision is mandatory Industry sponsored projects increased IPR sharing is still contentious Big jump in industrial consultancy Both, IITs and Industry are anxious to partner and leverage each others expertise Today, for every Rupee that govt. gives, IITs and IISc generate about 0.3 to 0.4Rupees thru industry interactions, endowments, and sponsored research Bulk of industry partnership in ICT is with multinationals Microsoft Intel Analog Devices Texas Instruments Bell Labs Motorola Nokia Ericsson Qualcom Cisco, HP … And Startups Indian industry is coming forward, but slowly Industry Interaction FKSTA: Cape Town

16. Entrepreneurship another route FKSTA: Cape Town

17. Technology Entrepreneurship began at educational institutions in mid to late 90s The drivers for technology entrepreneurship were Boom in the IT sector across the globe Translate Ideas to Wealth IIT alumni played a big role in this boom In silicon valley, a large number of startups were by IIT alumni Latent thirst among faculty and students to translate their innovations to products Strong belief in technology entrepreneurship as a driver for social change Entrepreneurship • To encourage • entrepreneurship • and foster • commercialization • of innovations IITs • and IISc have • established • business incubators • Business incubators • are seen as a link • between mind and • market FKSTA: Cape Town

18. IIT-Madras (early starter) Business incubation led by Ashok Jhunjhunwala IISc Society for Innovation and Development (SID) IIT-Delhi Foundation for Innovations and Technology Transfer (FITT) IIT-Bombay Society for Innovations and Entrepreneurship (SINE) IIT-Kharagpur Science and Technology Entrepreneurs Park (STEP) IITK SIDBI Innovation & Incubation Centre (SIIC) RBTI: Rural Technology Business Incubator (launched by IIT-Madras) Department of Science (DST) supports entrepreneurship and knowledge transfer through its STEP and Technology Business Incubation initiatives There are other private business incubators in India Some Illustrative Business Incubators FKSTA: Cape Town

19. Cluster Approach for Industry-Academia Interaction • I am just coming from Mobile Multimedia Workshop in France • Interesting concept for Industry-Academia interaction • Cluster of • Big enterprises • SME (small and medium enterprises) • Academia • Number of partners could be 10 to 20 • Clusters in a confined geographical region • I am going to propose to explore this approach in India FKSTA: Cape Town

20. ICT for Development FKSTA: Cape Town

21. Housing Complex B Housing Complex A 6 3 5 2 4 Fiber drop 1 Fiber drop 500 mts Road 25 km 25 ~ 30 km Serves Bldg 1,2,3 Extensive Fiber Deployed in India Rural Serves Bldg 4,5,6 URBAN Fiber to curb is easily available in metros Even fiber to home is possible FKSTA: Cape Town

22. Access Tech. (“Last Mile Prob”) Wireless (line of sight) Dial-up (56.6 Kbps) Cable Modem corDECT Fiber in the Loop DSL 802.11b Based Cell Phones 802.16d,e Based WiMax Access Technologies in India ISP LAN Tata Satyam Reliance … Wired 10/100 Mbps WiFi 802.11b (Hot Spot) FKSTA: Cape Town

23. First Initiative for Rural Access: corDECT, developed by TeNeT Group at IIT-Madras Earlier version guaranteed 70 kbps Broadband CorDECT 2 Mbps Always on, supports telephony Commercially deployed in few thousand villages n-Logue; Chirag FKSTA: Cape Town

24. Many success stories; all of them • very encouraging • Scalability and sustainability is still • and concern FKSTA: Cape Town

25. A Large Number of Initiatives • Drishtee dot. com Ltd. • ITC eChoupal • Kuppam i- community, Andhra Pradesh • Akshaya- Kerala Govt's Hundred Percent ICT Literacy Project • Information Village Research Project- by M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation • TARAhaat • GRAMDOOT • e-Governance projects • … VSAT Connectivity PURA: Providing Urban Amenities to Rural Areas Project drive by President of India Mission 2007 (major initiative) Connecting 100,000 villages FKSTA: Cape Town

26. BP Laptop ECG Desktop BT/WiFi GPRS Interface Gluco Oxy mt Cell Phone (SMS,GPRS,EDGE, CDMA) Doctor Smart Phone Low-Cost Telemed: A3 Remote Patient Monitoring WiFi /BT Web cam WiFi /BT A3 RPM Server (GPRS/3G1x & WLAN enabled) P a t i e n t WiFi/BT WiFi /BT WiFi /BT • Patient Data Management Software • Patient Data Repository • Diagnostics Algorithms • Data Mining • Trend Detection Algorithm • Statistical Data Analysis • WML/HTML Server • Hotlink to A3 Wall Set • Hotlink to Doctor (SMS) • Interface to other external health management systems • A3 Wall Set • Communication Sever • Scheduler • Data Multiplexer • Hotlink to doctor • Protocol converter • wireless communicator GPRS/EDGE/3G1x enabled Healthcare care van Will have ECG, Oxymt, and other sensors FKSTA: Cape Town

27. Impacting Role for ICT in Rural Areas FKSTA: Cape Town

28. ICT will be impacting to rural areas once it • Enables the process cash flow • Enables villages to be part of the national market • Helps monetize more villages • Enables alternatives for fair loans • Frees the villager from informal sources like chit funds, money lenders, bishi’s, etc.) • Enables rural trade FKSTA: Cape Town

29. ICT as a Techno-Socio-Political System Technology Education ICT for Development Industry / Local Entrep. Community Organization Govt./Policy Financial Institutions • All components • play a critical • role • Nevertheless, top • three are more • critical FKSTA: Cape Town

30. Concluding Remarks • To harness ICT in developing nations, price point is most crucial • In most of the African countries, annual cost of Internet access is higher than the average yearly income! • Cost of Internet access can be lowered thru • competition, • deregulation, • foreign investments in Information and Communications Technology sector (ICT) • and in some cases, government subsidies only in the initial phase. • Create Impulses. • Impulses pull up the base and raise the avg. level India India FKSTA: Cape Town

31. Finally … “It is not our abilities that will determine what we truly do … it is our choices” A minor variation on quote by Dumbledore from Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets FKSTA: Cape Town