“SOCIAL SECURITY”

1. SOCIAL SECURITY FOR TRADE UNION ORGANIZATIONS “SOCIAL SECURITY”

2. HISTORICAL AND CONCEPTUAL ORIGINS OF SOCIAL SECURITY • The Logic of Solidarity as a necessary condition for the success of a Social Security System. Social Security and the Social State • Reciprocity • Rawls’ “veil of ignorance” • Kropotkin’s empathy • Concepts of class and risk

3. CONCEPT OF THE SOCIAL STATE Franz-Xaver Kautmann describes the duties of State: • Legal action to improve the legal status of individuals (e.g. in Labour Law). • Economic action to improve the income of individuals. • Ecological action to improve the environment and social medium of individuals. • Educational action to improve the capacity for action of individuals through training and advisory activities.

4. CONCEPT OF THE SOCIAL STATE Hanz F. Zacher, distinguishes four basic social purposes of the State: • Aid against poverty and need and a minimally decent existence for all. • Greater equality by eliminating differences in well-being and control of situations of dependency. • Greater security when faced with life-changing situations. • Promotion and extension of well-being.

5. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT Flora and Alber: four historical periods • Introductory period up to World War I. • Extension between the two world wars. • Complementation after World War II. • Stage of consolidation and reorganisation from 1950. And a stage of crisis, particularly from the beginning of the 1980s.

6. BEVERIDGE MODEL vs BISMARCKIAN MODEL • The Beveridge model tended to be a universal model rather than a labour model. • The British system was mainly funded from the State budget. In the German case, the funding basically depended on the contributions paid by the beneficiary based on income level. • The Bismarckian model gives rise to a multiple system of insurance; the British model was based on the unification of risks, the protection arose out of the situation of need. • From an organizational viewpoint, the first model tended towards the differential administration of each risk, and also insured collectives. The second model proposed unified and public administrative management.

7. UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS 1945 • Article 22 • 1) Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization .... of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality. • 2) Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control. • Other rights enshrined in the declaration are: Right to equal pay for equal work (Article 23.2), Right to just and favourable remuneration (Article 23.3), Right to rest and leisure, (Article 24), Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance (Article 25.2), Right to education (Article 26).

8. DECLARATION OF PHILADELPHIA - 1944 • “Labour is not a commodity. Poverty anywhere constitutes a danger to prosperity everywhere…”. Tripartism was defined as a necessary working method. • “….all human beings, irrespective of race, creed or sex, have the right to pursue both their material well-being and their spiritual development in conditions of freedom and dignity, of economic security and equal opportunity…”. • “the attainment of the conditions in which this shall be possible must constitute the central aim of national and international policy”.