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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم. Is There an Economic Reform for Saudi Women?. Hatoon AL FASSi Nationalization of the Workforce in the GCC Countries 10-11 April 2011 NYU Abu Dhabi Institute- Abu Dhabi. Work is Worship Campaign. Basic Statistics. Total population (2010 census): 27,563,432

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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

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  1. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم Hatoon AL FASSI Is there an Economici Reform for Saudi Women?

  2. Is There an Economic Reform for Saudi Women? Hatoon AL FASSi Nationalization of the Workforce in the GCC Countries 10-11 April 2011 NYU Abu Dhabi Institute- Abu Dhabi Hatoon AL FASSI Is there an Economici Reform for Saudi Women?

  3. Work is Worship Campaign Hatoon AL FASSI Is there an Economici Reform for Saudi Women?

  4. Basic Statistics Total population (2010 census): 27,563,432 of which 18, 973,615 are Saudis, divided into: 9,525,178 men & 9,448,437 women Hatoon AL FASSI Is there an Economici Reform for Saudi Women?

  5. Economic Participation • In 2007, 3,095,276 work • Men 2,815,420 • Women 659،487 • 8,589,817 non-Saudi (2010) Hatoon AL FASSI Is there an Economici Reform for Saudi Women?

  6. Labor Participation Rates • 5.5% women/ 31% men • 9% of the State sector, 1.5 Private • Gulf women 15% • Egyptian 30% • Pakistani 28% • US 1989, 60% women/ 75% men Hatoon AL FASSI Is there an Economici Reform for Saudi Women?

  7. Unemployment statistics Hatoon AL FASSI Is there an Economici Reform for Saudi Women? • Women, 28% (2010) Men 11% • Outside the Labor Force • Male 2,248,803, • Female 5,073,344 • Ph.D577 • MA & High Diplomas 2317 • BA 322,464

  8. Obstacles to Women’s Work Hatoon AL FASSI Is there an Economici Reform for Saudi Women? • Accessibility, Driving • Education Limitations • Limiting women to work in specific jobs • Discriminatory laws in public & private sect • Religious Establishment position: • mahram, wisaya, wilaya • No Majority age for the Saudi woman • Effective lack of legal capacity before the law • Gabs in the legal environment

  9. Laws Restricting Employment • Women are not allowed to be employed to work from sunset to sunrise (Article 161 of Labor Law) • Women are not allowed to open shops in malls, money exchange shops or others. (Resolution of Higher Ulama’s Commission in 1981). • Women are not allowed to occupy “jobs that infringe modesty and chastity, including mixing between the sexes, or jobs unsuitable for them.”(Resolution of Higher Ulama’s Commission in 1992). Hatoon AL FASSI Is there an Economici Reform for Saudi Women?

  10. Positive Developments In the last ten years: • 2003, Resolution 120 of 9 points, extending the job market for women • 2005, Saudi Employment Strategy • 2005, New Labor Law • 2009, Campaign against the wakeel legal agent off women’s businesses. Hatoon AL FASSI Is there an Economici Reform for Saudi Women?

  11. 120 Resolution Hatoon AL FASSI Is there an Economici Reform for Saudi Women? The issue of sales women of lingerie shops

  12. The Saudi Employment Strategy Hatoon AL FASSI Is there an Economici Reform for Saudi Women? • 2005-2007 • 2009 issued by Ministerial cabinet • 25 years plan • Women to substitute the foreign labor through training and continuous assessment steps

  13. The Labor Law Hatoon AL FASSI Is there an Economici Reform for Saudi Women? 2005, the new Labor Law (private sector) 12 new articles about women The Mixing clause Maternity leafs & retirement

  14. The Legal Agent Hatoon AL FASSI Is there an Economici Reform for Saudi Women? Sample of women’s campaigns 2009 Campaign to remove the ‘legal guardian’ off biz women

  15. Economically • Participation in Economic fora • Forming informal unions, east and west • Organizing women groups • Networking with gulf women ORGs Hatoon AL FASSI Is there an Economici Reform for Saudi Women?

  16. Thank you Hatoon AL FASSI Is there an Economici Reform for Saudi Women?

  17. Thank you Hatoon AL FASSI Is there an Economici Reform for Saudi Women?

  18. Women’s Response • Politically • Economically • Socially • Culturally Hatoon AL FASSI Is there an Economici Reform for Saudi Women?

  19. Politically • Demonstrations for Palestine • Demonstrations by mothers of detainees 2003 • 2007, Sit-in by mothers & wives in Buraidah • 2008, Women for Reform,CEDAW shadow report • Campaigns, for Palestine 2000, 2002, for Iraq 2003, for Lebanon against war 2006 • Extensive writing • Campaigns … Hatoon AL FASSI Is there an Economici Reform for Saudi Women?

  20. Wajeha al-Huweider’s Campaigns(example) • Aug 2006 , solo demonstration • Sept 2007 driving petition • March 2008 YouTube driving • Traffic Dept • Mansoor & Fatmah’s letter • July 2009 off the guardianship • Nov 2009 Black ribbon campaign • Child marriage • Saudi Women Voice Web Site http://www.sawomenvoice.com Hatoon AL FASSI Is there an Economici Reform for Saudi Women?

  21. Socially • The initiatives of charity women societies • Cooperation with NGOs, eg. AGFUND • Individual initiatives, in Hasa, Qatif, Abha, Riyadh, Jeddah • Success of violence against women group Hatoon AL FASSI Is there an Economici Reform for Saudi Women?

  22. Culturally • Continuity of informal women cultural clubs and activities • Forming some pressure groups: SWW • Women committees in all literary & cultural official clubs • International Prizes on culture & science • Saudi women teaching & working abroad Hatoon AL FASSI Is there an Economici Reform for Saudi Women?

  23. Women’s Demands • Remove “guardianship" of women • Identify women’s majority age • Codify laws • Establish family courts • Revise discriminatory laws • Recognize women as full citizens Hatoon AL FASSI Is there an Economici Reform for Saudi Women?

  24. Women’s Demands – continued • Equal opportunities in work and education • Amend laws governing work environment • Ensure women’s transport safety • Empowerment: full participation politically, socially, economically, culturally & religiously. Hatoon AL FASSI Is there an Economici Reform for Saudi Women?

  25. Recommended Readings: BOOKS • Soraya ALTORKY, 1986, Women in SA • Saddeka AREBI, 1994, Women and words in Saudi Arabia. • Hatoon AL FASSI, 2007,Women in pre-Islamic Arabia Hatoon AL FASSI Is there an Economici Reform for Saudi Women?

  26. Articles • Alejandra Galindo Marines, 2005, Shifting Boundaries: women in) Saudi Arabia. In South Exchange Programme for Research on Development History, Beirut. • Gwenn Okrhuluk, 2004 ‘Reform and Islamism in Saudi Arabia’, in Islamic Activism, ed. QuintanWictorovicz, Indiana University Press, pp.250-269. • Gulf women march towards equality-afp-2006. • Saudi Women New Perspectives and Visions for Reforms. Arab News. • Women Make Gains Despite Challenges-mahaAqeel-elections. • Let women vote in Saudi Arabia, The Daily Star • More Women ‘Consultants’ Join Shoura- . • Shoura Council Should Ensure the Freedom of Civil Societies Without Govt Interference-hatoon al Fassi • Writ, rights and Saudi women-International Herald Tribune • The Rights of Women in the Grand Mosque • Why should men run our business, ask women entrepreneurs. Hatoon AL FASSI Is there an Economici Reform for Saudi Women?

  27. Thank you Hatoon AL FASSI Is there an Economici Reform for Saudi Women?

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