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Explore the devastating impact of the Great Depression, from the stock market crash to widespread unemployment and social upheaval in America during the 1930s. Learn about the causes and consequences of one of the most challenging periods in U.S. history.
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Chapter 25 The Great Depression
Stock Market 1 in 20 families bought stock Dow Jones up 350% in 5years # of investors drive up prices
Many people speculate on prices of stock “Buy on the margin”
Black Tuesday October 29, 1929
Causes of the Great Depression • Lack of Diversity • Poor distribution of Purchasing Power • Credit Structure • International Debt
During the Depression: *9000 banks fail *Depositors lose $2.5 billion *GNP drops 25% *2 million take to the roads
1929 3% unemployment 1932 24% By 1933 13 million or 1/3 of Americans out of work NO
Farm income drops 60% 1/3 of farmers lose their land Farm prices too low to make money
African-American and the Depression Drop in farm prices force many off the land Go to towns
50% unemployment for Southern Blacks Some whites in the South demanded that all Blacks be dismissed so white could have the jobs
Black Shirts – Atlanta “No jobs for Blacks until every white man has a job”
Scottsboro Boys 9 teens arrested in Alabama for rape Convicted despite evidence
Powell v. Alabama Supreme Court overturns conviction Denied 14th Amendment rights Not given competent legal counsel
Hoover and advisors think country just in a recession Asks business not to lay off workers and labor not to ask for raises No one listens
Hoover wants to avoid government helping – wants private charities to do the job Will later try to help with government spending, but too conservative to spend enough
Reconstruction Finance Company Federal loans to banks Only large banks that are not in too much trouble
Hawley-Smoot Tariff Hawley-Smoot Tariff Hawley-Smoot Tariff Hawley-Smoot Tariff
HAWLEY SMOOT TARIFF
Reed Smoot Willis Hawley
Bread line NYC