Sectionalism vs. Nationalism: Threats to Unity in Early America

1. Sectionalism vs. Nationalism:Loyalty to particular regions threatens to divide the nation, especially over the issue of slavery. The Era of Good Feelings:The time period during Monroe’s presidency when people put aside political differences, the federal government gained strength, and a greater sense of national pride developed. The American System: Henry Clay’s plan to make America self-sufficient that included protective tariffs, a national bank, and better transportation systems. Roads and Canals: During the first part of the 1800’s, many roads, canals, and railroads were built which greatly improved trade & commerce and helped unite different regions of the country. The Adams-Onis Treaty: Because of ongoing issues with the Seminole Indians, Spain agrees to hand us Florida. The Monroe Doctrine: America sees itself as a world power and warns Europe to stay out of Latin America.

2. The “Era of Good Feelings” - a growing, stronger national government leads to a growing sense of national spirit - political differences diminish - President James Monroe

3. Henry Clay The “American System” Make the country economically self-sufficient. In other words, the country would prosper and grow by itself, without foreign products or markets. 1. Establish a protective tariff 2. Establish a national bank 3. Improve the country’s transportation systems Henry Clay

4. Roads, Canals, Railroads - transportation improved and began to better link the country together, especially in the North - The National Road (Virginia Illinois) - Erie Canal (New York  Buffalo) -Improvements in rail travel between 1830-1850 led to a decline in the use of canals Erie Canal National Road

5. Landmark Supreme Court Cases: Promoted National Unity by Strengthening the Federal Government ----------------------- McCulloch v. Maryland Issue: Maryland wanted to tax its branch of the national bank Decision: States cannot claim to have power over the federal government Significance: Federal government is upheld as the supreme law of the land

6. Landmark Supreme Court Cases: Promoted National Unity by Strengthening the Federal Government ----------------------- Gibbons v. Ogden Issue: Steamship operators fought over shipping rights on Hudson River in both New York and New Jersey Decision: Only the federal government has the power to regulate interstate commerce Significance: Federal government’s power reinforced

7. The Missouri Compromise - Henry Clay - Missouri would become a slave state while Maine (Mass.) would become a free state - no slavery above latitude 36°30’ N - kept the balance of power in the Senate between free and slave states

8. The Missouri Compromise CONGRESS Missouri Maine Free States Slave States

9. SLAVERY The Missouri Compromise

10. The Adams – Onis´ Treaty - Spain hands Florida to The U.S. because Spain can’t or won’t control the Seminole Indians from raiding Georgia - Andrew Jackson to the rescue again!

12. Sectionalism vs. Nationalism - nationalism = entire country feeling and acting as one - sectionalism = loyalty to just your own region or section rather than the whole country Special Interests: the South > cotton and slavery the Northeast > manufacturing and trade the West > cheap land and transportation

13. The Monroe Doctrine - President Monroe says the Americas were closed to further colonization - promises to stay out of European affairs - U.S. sees itself as a world power and protector of Latin America -MONROE SAID NO!!!!!

14. MONROE DOCTRINE • Was issued by President James Monroe in 1823 • Was actually written by his Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams • Let the world know that the U.S. was now the “protector” of the western hemisphere

15. MONROE DOCTRINE • No more colonization in North America, Latin America, or South America • The U.S. would not interfere with European affairs, and thus Europe should not interfere in American affairs • The U.S. was prepared to take its place among the most powerful nations in the world

17. MONROE DOCTRINE • No more colonization in North America, Latin America, or South America • The U.S. would not interfere with European affairs, and thus Europe should not interfere in American affairs • The U.S. was prepared to take its place among the most powerful nations in the world

18. MONROE SAYS NO!