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高考语法复习系列

高考语法复习系列. 名 词. 高考考点分析. 1 、名词的单、复数 ; 2 、可数与不可数名词的转换； 3 、名词作定语； 4 、名词的搭配 ; 5 、词语辨析；. 名词的单复数. 问题 1 ： --- How many does a cow have? --- Four. A ． stomaches B ． stomach C ． stomachs D ． stomachies. . 以 s, sh, ch, x 等结尾的名词变复数时加 –es ；但如果以 –ch 结尾的名词发音为 [k] 时，只加 –s 。

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高考语法复习系列

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  1. 高考语法复习系列 名 词

  2. 高考考点分析 1、名词的单、复数; 2、可数与不可数名词的转换； 3、名词作定语； 4、名词的搭配; 5、词语辨析；

  3. 名词的单复数

  4. 问题1： --- How many does a cow have? --- Four. A．stomaches B．stomach C．stomachs D．stomachies  以 s, sh, ch, x等结尾的名词变复数时加 –es；但如果以 –ch 结尾的名词发音为 [k]时，只加 –s。 另外，以辅音字母 +y 结尾的名词变复数时，需将 y 变成 i，再加 -es；以元音字母 +y 结尾的则直接加 -s。以辅音字母加 y 结尾的专有名词变复数时，也直接加 -s。

  5. 问题2： The ______ of the building are covered with lots of ______. A．roofs; leaves B．rooves; leafs C．roof; leaf D．roofs; leafs  以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词变复数时： a. 加 s，如：serf --- serfs belief---beliefs roof---roofs chief --- chiefs safe---safes gulf---gulfs；b. 去 f, fe 加 ves，如：half---halvesknife---knives leaf---leaveswolf---wolves wife---wives life---livesthief---thieves；c. 均可, 如：handkerchief --- handkerchiefs / handkerchieves

  6. 问题3： When the farmer returned home he found three ______ missing. A．sheeps B．sheepes C．sheep D．sheepies  当sheep; deer; fish表示数量时，单复数同形；如果表示不同种类，则需加 –s 或 –es。 单复数同形的名词有： deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese, Swiss works, means, head

  7. 问题4： Some ______ visited our school last Wednesday. A．German B．Germen C．Germans D．Germens  国家人的名词需要记住三种情况： 1、单复数同形：Chinese; Japanese; Swiss 2、需要变形：English - Englishman 3、加 –s 或 -es：German – Germans 详见下表。

  8. 1.6 不同国家的人的单复数 名称　　 总称(谓语用复数）　一个人　　 两个人　　中国人　　the Chinesea Chinesetwo Chinese瑞士人　　the Swissa Swisstwo Swiss澳大利亚人the Australiansan Australian two Australians俄国人　　the Russiansa Russiantwo Russians意大利人　the Italiansan Italiantwo Italians希腊人　　the Greeka Greektwo Greeks法国人　　the Frencha Frenchmantwo Frenchmen日本人　　the Japanesea Japanesetwo Japanese美国人　　the Americansan Americantwo Americans印度人　　the Indiansan Indiantwo Indians加拿大人　the Canadiansa Canadiantwo Canadians德国人　　the Germansa Germanstwo Germans英国人　　the Englishan Englishmantwo Englishmen瑞典人　　the Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes

  9. 问题5： _______ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas. (1993 上海) A. The Evens B. The Evens’ C. The Evenses D. The Evenses’  专有名词的复数与定冠词连用，常用来表示“一家人”或一家之中的两个或几个重要的人。如： --- Who did you spend last weekend with? --- _____. (98上海) A Palmer’s B The Palmers’ C The Palmers D The Palmer’s 

  10. 问题6： Mr Smith has two ______, both of whom are teachers in a school. A．brothers-in-law B．brother-in-laws C．brothers-in-laws D．brothers-in law  以连字符号连接的合成名词一般将中心名词变成复数，如：managers-in-chief; fathers-in-law。如果没有中心名词就在该合成词的最后加 –s。如：grown-ups。

  11. 名词的可数与不可数

  12. 问题1： He gained his _____ by printing _____ of famous writers. (NMET95) A. wealth; work B. wealths; works C. wealths; work D. wealth; works  抽象名词和物质名词被称为不可数名词。本题中 wealth 为不可数名词，works 作“作品”解，属单复数同形的可数名词。

  13. 问题2： Can you give us some ______ about the writer? A．informations B．information C．piece of informations D．pieces information  大多数不可数名词都不可能转化为可数名词，常见的有：information; news; advice; progress; fun ……如： This is not a match. We’re playing chess for _____. A habit B hobby C fun D game (2001上海春季) 

  14. 问题3： Many people agree that ____of English is a must in international trade today. (NMET96) A. a knowledge B. knowledges C. knowledge D. the knowledge  有些抽象名词和物质名词也可转化为可数名词，用来表示某种特定的意义。a knowledge of …表示“对……有所了解“。又如： This meeting is a great success. 请看下面的可数与不可数名词的转化：

  15. a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时。Cake is a kind of food.　蛋糕是一种食物。 (U) These cakes are sweet.　这些蛋糕很好吃。 (C)b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，名词可数。This factory produces steel.(U)We need various steels.(C)c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。Our country is famous for tea. Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。 d. 抽象名词有时也可数。four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations 四个现代化 many interests 许多兴趣

  16. 名词作定语

  17. 问题1 The ______ is just around the corner and you won’t miss it. (01北京春季) A. bicycle’s shop B. bicycle shop C. bicycles shop D. bicycles’ shop  名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。1) 用复数作定语。 　　 如：sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室　 talks table 谈判桌　the foreign languages department 外语系 2) 有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。　　 如：goods train (货车) arms produce　武器生产customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush衣刷

  18. 问题2 It took us quite a long time to get here. It was ________ journey. （05北京春季） A. three-hour B. a three hour C. a three-hour D. three hours  “数词+名词”构成的合成词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。如：a ten-mile walk； a five-year plan但是如果不用连字符，就需用复数的所有格。 The village is far away from here indeed. It’s _____ walk. （04上海春季） A. a four hour B. a four hour's C. a four-hours D. a four hours' 

  19. 问题3： There are only twelve _____ in the hospital. A．woman doctors B．women doctors C．women doctor D．woman doctor  man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。 如：a man worker → men workers a woman teacher → women teachersa gentleman official → gentlemen officials

  20. 名词的搭配

  21. 问题1 We’ve missed the last bus. I’m afraid we have no ______ but to take a taxi. (N 19993) A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection  可以将“ have no choice but to do … ”视为一个结构，现在考查这类搭配的题有很多，如： I am sure David will be able to find the library — he has a pretty good _______ of direction.（05浙江卷） A．idea B．feeling C．experience D．sense 类似的题还有： 

  22. 1. Here’s my card. Let’s keep in __________. (N 1994) (A) A. touch B. relation C. connection D. friendship 2. You can take as many as you like because they are free of _______. (1998 上海) (B) A. fare B. charge C. money D. pay 3. The manager has got a good business _______ so the company is doing well. （03北京春季）（B） A．idea B．sense C．thought D．Thinking 4. I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the children’s ______. （04天津）(A) A reach B hand C hold D place    

  23. 问题2 A rough estimate, Nigeria is__________ Great Britain. （05上海卷） A. three times the size as B. the size three times of C. three times as the size of D. three times the size of  注意名词用来表示比较的特殊用法。它的结构为“倍数+the +名词+ of + 对象”。常用在该结构中的名词为：the size of; the weight of; the length of …….

  24. 名词词语辨析

  25. 问题1 Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his_______. （05天津卷） (C) A. ability B. force C. strength D. mind  高考试卷中考查名词词义辨析的题目越来越多了，这就要求我们在平时的学习过程中注意同类词的比较和辨析，同时尽可能从阅读过程中汲取更多的知识。本题的意思是参加体育锻炼的目的是增强体质和力气。

  26. Good-bye!

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