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The Cold War: Causes, Events, Effects on 1950s American Culture

Explore the causes, main events, and effects of the Cold War and its impact on American culture in the 1950s. From the Iron Curtain to military alliances like NATO and the Warsaw Pact, delve into the tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union. Discover how the Arms Race and the expansion of the Cold War shaped global struggles and led to initiatives like the Eisenhower Doctrine and the creation of NASA. Uncover the complexities of conflicts like the Korean War and the race for supremacy in outer space.

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The Cold War: Causes, Events, Effects on 1950s American Culture

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  1. 4.30.13 • Journals – Review Quiz 9 • Take out your Homework (Cold War Sheet) to be checked

  2. The Cold War Unit EQ – What were the causes, main events, & effects of the Cold War and how did it affect American culture in the 1950s?

  3. The “Iron Curtain” – Winston Churchill

  4. The Cold War Begins Clue United States Soviet Union EasternEuropeanCountries Stay independent;support nations thatresist communism Goal Under control of Stalin Goal Truman Doctrine:Aid nations fightingagainst communism Term Satellite states;nations are independentbut under control of USSR Term

  5. The Cold War Begins Clue United States Soviet Union Communismand itsspread Stop spread of communism Goal Spread communismbeyond Eastern Europe Goal Containment:keep communism containedwithin its existing borders Term

  6. The Cold War Begins Clue United States Soviet Union WesternEuropeanCountries Aid Europeannations & help reducefamine and poverty Goal Capture WestBerlin by closing allhighways, railways, &waterway traffic Goal Marshall Plan:offered aid to W Europeannations after WWII Term Berlin Airlift:US/British planes airliftedsupplies to West Berlinduring Soviet blockade Term

  7. Marshall Plan (1948) • a.k.a. European Recovery Program • American program to give economic support to help rebuild Europe after WWII

  8. The Cold War Begins Clue United States Soviet Union MilitaryAlliances Form militaryalliance to counterSoviet expansion Goal Form allianceof communist nations forprotection if attacked Goal NATO:collective security againstcommunist attack Term Warsaw Pact:USSR & satellite states, defend each otherif attacked Term

  9. Defense Alliances NATO (1949) WARSAW PACT (1955) Member countries: USSR, East Germany, Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Albania • North Atlantic Treaty Organization Original members: • US, United Kingdom, France, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal

  10. Blue – NATORed - Warsaw

  11. Primary Source Activity • Complete individually!

  12. 5.1.13 – Happy 1st day of May! • Come in, take a seat, and BE QUIET! • Take out something to write with • Class intro: Crash course to the Cold War – Play until 5:15 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y9HjvHZfCUI&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&index=39&safe=active

  13. Berlin Wall Art • Create a piece of artwork to put on Our “Berlin” Wall • It must have your name on the top left corner of your half sheet (can be horizontal or vertical) • It must be APPROPRIATE – no profanity or inappropriate pictures, jokes, etc. • Let your artwork be a STATEMENT about YOU or YOUR BELIEFS/INTERESTS • This is a grade, and it will be added to the Wall

  14. The Wall: A World Divided • Answer the questions as you watch the documentary • The documentary will go beyond our time period, through the end of the Cold War (early 1990s)

  15. 5.2.13 • - Journal – Review Quiz 10 • - Take out your Berlin Wall Art to be checked • - Crash Course – 5:15 until 8:15 (after 3rd world)

  16. The Expanding Cold War EQ – What methods did the U.S. use in its global struggle against the Soviet Union?

  17. The Arms Race • September 2, 1949: Soviet Union set off an atomic bomb • US is no longer the lone world nuclear power • This set off an arms race between the United States & Soviet Union… • US and Soviet Union compete to make & build up more powerful weapons

  18. America’s solution • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKqXu-5jw60 DUCK and COVER – Duh! This seems RIDICULOUS, by why do you think the government created this initiative?

  19. Both nations stockpiled nuclear warheads, leading to the idea of Mutually assured destruction… • Both nations have weapons so powerful that they could destroy each other, thereby preventing each other from attacking

  20. Stalin died in 1953, Nikita Khrushchev takes power • Khrushchev & Eisenhower slowly move toward a “peaceful co-existence”

  21. Congress creates the Central Intelligence Agency in 1947 • The CIA is an intelligence-gathering organization that worked to protect American interests abroad

  22. Eisenhower did respond to growing Soviet influence in the Middle East with the Eisenhower Doctrine… • The US will use force to help any Middle Eastern nation threatened by communism

  23. The Cold War spreads to outer space • Americans had believed US technology was superior to the Soviets • However, in 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik I, a small satellite sent to space; In response, the US established NASA… • Organization to coordinate space-related efforts of American scientists and the military

  24. The Korean War

  25. Think – Pair – Share • Think back to the North Korea Documentary. • (1) Why was there a conflict between North and South Korea? • (2) Why did the U.S. get involved? • (3) What was the result of the War?

  26. Korean War in a nutshell… • Korea ruled by Japan from 1920 until Japan surrenders in WWII in 1945 • America divides Korea along 38th parallel (Potsdam Conference): • US occupies South • USSR occupies North (under leadership of Kim Il-sung) Why is the US even getting involved? CONTAINMENT!

  27. Korean War… in a Nutshell June 1950 – July 1953 • North Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea) supported by China and the Soviet Union • South Korea (Republic of Korea) supported by the UN Vs.

  28. Let’s let the Internet teach us… • http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/truman-orders-us-forces-to-korea

  29. Death toll for the Korean War: -Over 36,000 Americans -Over 600,000 Chinese -Over 2 million Korean soldiersand civilians Counterattack atInchon

  30. United Nations Forces in Korea: (Nation – Number Killed in Action) Netherlands - 116 Australia - 339 New Zealand - 31 Belgium - 97 Norway(noncombat role) Canada - 516 South Africa - 20 Colombia - 146 Philippines - 92 Denmark (noncombat role) South Korea – 137,899 Ethiopia - 122 Sweden(noncombat role) France - 287 Thailand - 136 Greece - 194 Turkey - 721 India (noncombat role) United Kingdom – 1,078 Italy (noncombat role) United States – 37,000 Luxembourg - 7 United Nations - 932,964 troops served

  31. Troops patrol the DMZ

  32. 5.2.13 • When you come in, take out your homework (1950s Culture Reading) • Check the sheets for your seat!

  33. The Space Race • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RMINSD7MmT4&safe=active • EQ: How did America get to this point? Space Race Jigsaw • We will complete Doc. #1 together • You will have 5-10 minutes per document with your group to answer the questions

  34. The Cold War at Home EQ – How did fear of domestic communismaffect American society during the Cold War?

  35. Fear of communism;fear that communists willdestroy American way of life What was the Red Scare?

  36. How did President Truman& America respond? Investigated possible communists,including the Hollywood Tenand entertainment figures House Un-AmericanActivities Committee (HUAC) Unlawful to advocate/teach theoverthrow of the US government;attempts to end Communist Party Smith Act Screening employees forpolitical disloyalty; 3,000 employees lost their jobs Federal EmployeeLoyalty Program

  37. Did the accusationsseem fair? How were theyaffected? Of what werethey accused? Maybe, though theevidence wasbased on the wordof one confessed spy Sentenced to death Passing atomicsecrets to communists Ethel & JuliusRosenberg

  38. He was censured inthe Senate and thepublic turned againsthim after theArmy-McCarthyHearings Wisconsin SenatorJoseph McCarthymade recklessaccusations ofcommunist activity Red Scare, peoplewere fearful ofcommunism,especially ingovernment What was this andwho was responsible? Why did it succeedat first? Why did it eventuallyfall out of favor? McCarthyism

  39. 1950s Culture – Family Life Duringthe Cold War EQ – How did social and economic changes after WWII affect Americans?

  40. Cold War Culture • Americans prepared for a nuclear attack • Families built underground bomb shelters • Shelters had radiation suits, canned food and water, and medical kits

  41. “Nuclear family” • Very traditional • Father – “breadwinner” • Mother – stays at home, homemaker

  42. 1950s Television • Families stay at home to watch T.V. • Reinforced the ideal “nuclear family” of the 1950s

  43. 1950s Rock-and-roll • Cultural revolution, symbol of youth culture • Elvis Presley • Controversy of rock culture

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