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35.4 Species interact in biological communities

Explore the dynamics of interspecific competition, predator and prey adaptations, and symbiotic relationships in biological communities. Learn about niches, predation, and the three types of symbiosis while understanding how species interact to survive.

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35.4 Species interact in biological communities

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  1. 35.4 Species interact in biological communities

  2. Objectives • Identify causes and possible results of interspecific competition. • Identify some adaptations of predators and prey. • Compare and contrast symbiotic relationships.

  3. Vocabulary • interspecific competition • competitive exclusion • niche • predation • symbiotic relationship • parasitism • mutualism • commensalism

  4. Competition Between Species • Remember…? • community: a group of species living in the same geographic area • competition may limit population growth • interspecific competition: competition between species • same resource

  5. Competitive Exclusion • One may succeed over the other. • may not be an issue: predation

  6. Niches • niche: the unique living arrangement of a species in a community • habitat • food sources • time of day most active • et cetera (Latin: “and other things”) • rare to have two identical niches in one place

  7. Predation • predation: an interaction in which one organism eats another

  8. Predator Adaptations • fast • agile • coloring • behavior • good senses • physical structures

  9. Prey Adaptations • behavior • coloring • camouflage • warning • mimicry • plants • poisonous chemicals • spines/thorns

  10. Symbiotic Relationships • close interaction between species in which one of the species live in or on the other • 3 types • parasitism • mutualism • commensalism

  11. Parasitism • one obtains food at the expense of the other • parasite benefits • host is harmed • usually takes time to kill host • some hosts have adaptations to avoid

  12. Mutualism • both organisms benefit

  13. Commensalism • One is helped, the other is neither harmed nor helped. • rare

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