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Super Order: Protcanthopterygii

Super Order: Protcanthopterygii. By: Dustin Wylde & Ryan Livingston IB 463 Itchology. Protcanthopterygii. Esociformes – (2 families, 10 species) muskie, pike, mudminnows Osmeriformes – (13 families, 236 species) smelts

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Super Order: Protcanthopterygii

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  1. Super Order: Protcanthopterygii By: Dustin Wylde & Ryan Livingston IB 463 Itchology

  2. Protcanthopterygii • Esociformes – (2 families, 10 species) muskie, pike, mudminnows • Osmeriformes – (13 families, 236 species) smelts • Salmoniformes – (1 family, 66 species) trout, salmon, whitefish, graylings • Overall characteristics • lack spines • Cycloid scales (smooth outer edges) • Physotomous gas bladder

  3. Esociformes • Inhabit FW • Median fins located relatively far back on body • www.outdoors365.com

  4. Esociformes cont. • Pike • Ambush predators • Elongate snout with teeth used to impale prey • Quick acceleration in a straight line • Northern Pike (Esox lucius) • Widespread distribution • Also predatorial

  5. Northern Pike vs. Chain Pickerel • Esox lucius • www.dkimages.com • Esox niger

  6. Esociformes cont. • Mudminnows • Small (less than 20cm) • Ability to survive in low O2 enviroments • www.duluthstreams.org

  7. Osmeriformes • Very diverse group (marine, FW, diadromous) • Small, silvery, elongate fish that swim H2O column • Eggs with adhesive membrane • www.charterboats-uk.co.uk

  8. Barreleyes & Platytroctids • Barreleyes • Elongate tubular eyes • Platytroctids • Blue-green luminous liquid in papilla at end of lateral line people.whitman.edu

  9. Osmeriformes cont. • Lepidogalaxiid – salamanderfish • Australia • Lacks eye muscles, can turn head 90 degrees • Pond dries out: bury in mud

  10. Salmoniformes • Very important fish, both commercially and ecolgically • Adipose fin • Three different families • Coregonid whitefishes – zooplanktivours • Thymallid graylings • Salmonid salmons

  11. Salmonid salmons • Andromous • Oceanic migrations of thousands of kilometers • Morphological variation between males and females • pond.dnr.cornell.edu

  12. Salmon Life-History • Born in FW, live in oceans, then return to birth-stream, spawn and die • During migration the salmon do not eat • Females clear a nest or redd in clean gravel, males will compete to spawn with multiple females • Fry will spend several months growing and then migrate to open ocean

  13. Coho/Sockeye Salmon Spawning • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RISJUbC7ZJ0 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2y1nYwtL4bY&feature=related

  14. Salmon Fisheries • Salmon very important commercial fish, eaten/harvested all over world • Problem: sea lice are causing the decline of salmon populations • Naturally sea lice occur in low percentages, however becoming more common • Fisheries lack genetic diversity (RI)

  15. Other Salmon Concerns • Dams, barriers, weirs block migration • In NA several species have been reduced due to introduction of predators, competitors and parasitic lampreys • Getting eaten by Bear Grylls • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kiggvMw8Vgw

  16. Review Questions: • 1) Describe life-history of an Atlantic Salmon. • 2) What species of fish has the largest fresh water distribution? • 3) What are some problems facing salmon populations today? • 4) Describe the preditorial strategy of a Northern Pike? • 5) List two things that are very unusual about the salamanderfish?

  17. References • Collette, Bruce B., Douglas E. Facey, and Gene S. Helfman. The Diversity of Fishes. Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2006. • Fuller Becky, and et al. IB 463 Protcanthopterygii slides. 2008. • Suarez, Andrew. IB 429 Lecture 15: Habitat Selection. 2008.

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