ENERGY

1. ENERGY Mapping of Existing Technologies to Enhance Energy Efficiency in Buildings in the UNECE Region Oleg Dzioubinski Sustainable Energy Division

2. New UNECE study ENERGY This web page is available at: http://www.unece.org/energywelcome/areas-of-work/energy-efficiency/activities/energy-efficiency-in-buildings.html

3. Objectives of the study ENERGY • To strengthen understanding of the UNECE member States on the potential impact of energy efficiency (EE) standards and technologies in the buildings sector. • Analyze and evaluate the correlation between the strictness and enforcement of existing standards, and the level of applied technologies. • Analyze gaps between existing energy efficient technologies in buildings vis-à-vis their application and adaptation. • Review and assess the application and adaption of the relevant technologies at the national level. Scope of the study: 54 countriesanalysedbased on a detailed overviewof international directives, national legislation, prescriptive documents determining non-obligatoryrequirements, country-specific reports on building EE, academic literature and news articles, market information, etc. The results of the country analyses were consulted with national experts, members of the JTF on EE Standards in Buildings.

4. Methodology (1) ENERGY The implementation of each technology in each country was evaluated by an impact score as defined below.

5. Methodology (2) ENERGY Relevant existing energy efficiency technologies were divided into five broad categories: • Building envelope and glazing; • Heating/Domestic hot water/Cold water supply; • Air conditioning, Ventilation and Cooling; • Appliances; • Lighting Thefollowingbuildingstypeswere analysed both for retrofits and new construction: MFB – multi-familybuildings, SFB – single-familybuildings, CB – commercialbuildings, PB – publicbuildings.

6. Methodology (3) ENERGY

7. Examples of country analyses (1) ENERGY Technology mix of envelope modernization, existing buildings, sub-regions C, E, and F *each bar in each stack represents the average impact score for the technology category, across all building types, for a given country

8. Examples of country analyses (2) ENERGY Technology mix for heating, existing buildings, sub-regions C, E, and F *each bar in each stack represents the average impact score for the technology category, across all building types, for a given country

9. Examples of country analyses (3) ENERGY Application of lighting technologies, sub-regions C, E, and F, new construction

10. Main Conclusions ENERGY • Energy efficiency in buildings is improving in all regions. Countries in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Central Asia, and the Russian Federation, which traditionally have low domestic energy prices, have significantly increased mandatory energy efficiency requirements, especially for the newly constructed buildings. • However,energy efficiency in the buildings sector is improving only incrementally and somewhat inconsistently. *Examples of fragmented implementation of EE technologies

11. Main Conclusions (cont.) ENERGY • Three types of public policy tools are particularly successful at supporting energy efficiency improvements in buildings (regulations – i.e. building standards; financial incentives – rebates, reduced-rate debt, tax deductions; and information awareness programmes). • Positive correlation between existence, scope, and stringency of building standards and application of energy efficient technologies and their diverse mix has been identified. Countries with comprehensive and stringent building standards in place tend to have higher penetration rates of energy efficient technologies.

12. Main Conclusions (cont.) ENERGY • Effective design and implementation of public policy is key to increasing energy efficiency. The substantial gaps between what is available in the market and what is being used makes it clear that effective governance and use of legal and financial instruments, rather than just technical advancement, are key. • Energy performance certificates have accelerated retrofitting of existing buildings but much needs to be done.

13. Main Conclusions (cont.) ENERGY • Three specific technology trends can be clearly observed: • EU countries show increased adoption of high energy efficiency boilers, along with shifts to cleaner fuel sources. However, strong concerns remain regarding the use of coal for residential space heating. • With the implementation of labelling and Ecodesign regulations, the adoption of energy efficient appliances is on an upward trend. • Most countries in the UNECE region have banned, or are phasing out, incandescent light bulbs in favour of compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) and light-emitting diode (LED) technologies. However, lighting sensors and controls are being implemented less frequently. *Examples of modern gas-fired boilers

14. Main Conclusions (cont.) ENERGY • In addition to the numerous environmental benefits associated with decreased energy consumption and increased generation of renewable electricity, many of the technologies discussed in this report offer additional non-energy related social benefits, e.g.: • boosting economic growth, • developing local competitive markets, • increasing employment, • promoting implementation of lower-cost and accessible energy efficient technologies, • and developing international markets.

15. Recommendations ENERGY • Governments need to provide good policy, strong institutions, and efficient public services to ensure that the private sector can thrive; they must also commit to develop and sustain the institutions that implement, oversee, and regulate these policies. • Governmental research and development programmes should be designed to advance technologies which are currently too risky for the private sector to apply, which will require transparent collaboration between government, industry, and energy programme administration. • Governments should undertake initiatives to raise the bar for developing energy efficient technologies in buildings locally, which can also create access to new international markets. • Governments should explicitly connect building energy efficiency measures to INDC targets to further encourage improvement.

16. Recommendations (cont.) ENERGY • Governments of countries, in which coal is still used for residential heating because of its low cost, should promote the use of other fuels to drive the adoption of cleaner technologies. Installation of increased efficiency coal-fired boilers should be encouraged only in the short term as a stop-gap measure. • Local governments should publish city-level data demonstrating both decreased energy costs and higher income associated with higher levels of energy performance certification (EPC) to promote building energy efficiency investments. • Governments should use EPC in a more expended way: e.g. by creating tiered energy tariffs linked to EPC rating or linking other incentives to EPC rating.

17. Recommendations (cont.) ENERGY • Governments should scaleup effective promotion and awareness campaigns which are essential to encourage consumers to purchase appliances labelled with high energy efficiency ratings. • More stringent regulations are needed to promote exterior and interior lighting in non-residential buildings and develop social pricing structures for homeowners to install smart meters. • Governments should promote creation of datasets and tools which guide analysis of, and demonstrate, the financial benefits of increasing energy efficiency through retrofitting existing buildings. • Governments should develop and promote programmes to encourage complete retrofit of decrepit and condemned residences, involving private real estate investors or developers.

18. Recommendations (cont.) ENERGY • National and local governments need to coordinate and work together to design policies and building codes which can be adopted either nationally or locally; performance-based building codes should be preferred to prescriptive codes, as the flexibility should increase compliance. • Governments should develop and promote various financial mechanisms to increase the uptake of energy efficiency projects across the buildings sector: individual, public and commercial. • Financial institutions should be empowered to understand the profitability of energy efficiency investments; this would require more effective promotion and dissemination of best practices, appropriate de-risking, and financing solutions for bankers. Clear technical and financial criteria should be defined by the financial institutions to grant loans. • Courses and programmes focused on renovation of existing buildings should be made part of standard civil engineering educational and training curricula because this discipline has so far been largely neglected in education in favour of courses focusing on new construction.

19. ENERGY Thank you! Oleg Dzioubinski UNECE 12 April 2019, Tbilisi Workshop on Energy Performance Building Standards